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lEx  IGtbrifi 


SEYMOUR  DURST 


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Because  it  has  been  said 
"  Ever'tbinc)  comes  t'  him  who  waits 

Except  a  loaned  book." 


Avery  Architectural  and  Fine  Arts  Library 
Gift  of  Seymour  B.  Durst  Old  York  Library 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2013 


http://archive.org/details/historyofwashingOOunse 


of  tbe 

Washington  Brcb, 


Washington  Square,  IRew  Igovk, 

including  tbe 

Ceremonies  of  Xapino  tbe  Corner-stone 
anb  tbe  2>eoicatton. 


* 


Edition  de  %\xxc. 


iforfc  &  Garnett,  publisher?, 

Hew  l£orh. 
1896. 


preface. 


r^,HE  names  of  those  who,  by  their  patriotic  gener- 
^  osity,  gave  to  the  great  City  of  New  York  the 
magnificent  Monument  of  which  the  following  history 
treats,  should  have  gone  down  to  posterity  inscribed  upon 
the  enduring  marble  of  which  it  is  constructed.  But 
their  number  being  so  great  as  to  render  this  impossible, 
it  was  thought  that  an  event  of  such  great  historical 
interest  should  be  commemorated  in  the  hearts  and 
homes  of  those  who  contributed  to  its  success  by  this 
Edition  de  Luxe,  which  can  be  placed  in  the  library  of 
each  contributor  and  handed  down  from  father  to  sou 
as  an  evidence  of  the  patriotic  impulse  of  the  present 
generation. 

THE  PUBLISHERS. 


HE  Washington  Arch,  which  was  dedicated  May 
4th,  1895,  with  very  splendid  ceremony,  is  a  po- 
litical ornament  to  the  city  as  well  as  an  artistic  orna- 
ment. It  is  a  good  thing  to  have  here  and  to  look  at 
forever.  It  cost  a  large  sum  of  money,  which  was  sub- 
scribed without  a  thought  of  celebrating  anything  ex- 
cept the  man  and  the  idea  represented,  Washington 
and  the  United  States.  This  was  public  spirit  of  the 
purest  kind  ;  and  it  is  no  more  than  justice  to  say  that 
for  this  noble  Monument  the  City  of  New  York  and  the 
American  people  are  indebted  chief!}'  to  the  persistent 
and  enthusiastic  labors  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  Arch 
Committee,  Mr.  William  Rhinelander  Stewart. 


COMMITTEE  ON  ERECTION 


OF  THE 


WASHINGTON  ARCH, 


AT 


WASHINGTON  SQUARE. 


officers: 

HENRY   G.  MARQUAND,  RICHARD  W.  GILDER, 


CHAIRMAN. 


LOUIS  FITZGERALD, 


SECRETARY. 


WILLIAM  R.  STEWART, 


VICE-CHAIRMAN.  TREASURER. 


FINANCE  COMMITTEE! 
WILLIAM  R.  STEWART,  EDWARD  COOPER, 


TREASURER. 

CHARLES  S.  SMITH. 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  CENTENNIAL  COMMITTEE 
ART  AND  EXHIBITION. 


ON 


HJALMER  H.  BOYESEN. 
JOHN  L.  CADWALADER. 
WILLIAM  A.  COFFIN. 
WILLIAM  E.  DODGE. 
ALEXANDER  W.  DRAKE. 
GORDON  L.  FORD.* 
RICHARD  \V.  GILDER. 
DANIEL  HUNTINGTON. 


HENRY  G.  MARQUAND. 
FRANCIS  D.  MILLET. 
OLIVER  H.  PERRY. 
CHARLES  H.  RUSSELL. 
F.  HOPKINSON  SMITH. 
LISI'ENARD  STEWART. 
RUTHERFORD  STUYVESANT. 


ADDITIONAL  MEMBERS. 


EDWARD  D.  ADAM  S. 
JOHN  JACOB  ASTOR,  Jr. 
S.  D.  BABCOCK. 
CLARENCE  W.  BOWEN. 
GROVER  CLEVELAND. 
EDWARD  COOPER. 
ROBERT  W.  DE  FOREST. 
LOUIS  FITZGERALD. 
RICHARD  M.  HUNT. 


EUGENE  KELLY.* 
LEVI  P.  MORTON. 
THEODORE  W.  MYERS. 
JACOB  H.  SCHIFF. 
CHARLES  S.  SMITH. 
WILLIAM  R.  STEWART. 
WILLIAM  L.  STRONG. 
RUSSELL  STURGIS. 
JENKINS  VAN  SCHAICK. 

Deceased. 


6 


THE  WASHINGTON  ARCH, 


IN  WASHINGTON  SQUARE,  NEW  YORK.  ERECTED  TO 
COMMEMORATE  THE  ONE  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY 
OF  THE  INAUGURATION  OF  GEORGE  WASHINGTON 
AS  FIRST  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


T^NURING  the  early  months  of  the  year  1889  much 
C1^-,  interest  was  shown  by  the  people  of  the  City  of 
New  York  in  the  approaching  celebration  of  the  Centen- 
nial of  the  Inauguration  of  George  Washington  as  first 
President  of  the  United  States,  April  30,  1789.  When 
it  had  been  decided  that  the  route  to  be  taken  by  the 
first  procession  should  be  up  Broadway  from  Wall 
Street  to  Waverley  Place,  down  Waverley  Place,  along 
the  north  side  of  Washington  Square  to  Fifth  Avenue, 
and  thence  up  Fifth  Avenue  to  Central  Park,  with  the 
same  route  reversed  for  the  second  procession,  a  res- 
ident on  the  Square,  desiring  to  make  its  decorations 
a  marked  feature  of  the  occasion,  determined  that,  if 
possible,  a  Triumphal  Arch  should  be  erected  near  the 
point  where  the  Avenue  enters  the  Square.  Accord- 
ingly Mr.  Stanford  White,  Architect,  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  McKim,  Mead  &  White,  was  requested  to  pre- 


7 


pare  designs.  Mr.  White  entered  enthusiastically  into 
the  project,  and  undertook,  from  motives  of  public 
spirit,  to  contribute  designs,  and  to  superintend  the  erec- 
tion of  the  Arch  without  charge. 

The  neighborhood  of  Washington  Square  and  lower 
Fifth  Avenue  was  then,  as  now,  the  oldest  residential 
quarter  of  New  York,  the  tide  of  change  which  had 
swept  northward  over  the  city  having  left  it  compara- 
tively undisturbed.  From  long  residence  and  interest 
in  the  locality,  there  had  developed  something  of  the 
feeling  of  public  spirit  and  local  pride,  more  usually 
found  in  smaller  municipalities,  so  that  unity  of  action 
was  more  readily  attained,  it  is  believed,  than  could 
have  been  secured  in  the  newer  quarters  of  the  city. 
Believing  in  the  existence  of  this  neighborly  feeling, 
the  originator  of  the  enterprise,  shortly  before  the  de- 
signs were  completed  and  the  contract  signed,  drew  up 
and  privately  circulated  from  house  to  house  a  subscrip- 
tion paper,  of  which  the  following  is  a  copy : 

"It  is  proposed  to  erect  a  Triumphal  Arch,  under 
which  the  procession  in  celebration  of  the  Centennial 
of  the  Inauguration  of  President  Washington  will  pass 
on  the  30th  of  April  next. 

"  Designs  for  this  Arch  are  in  course  of  prepara- 
tion by  Mr.  Stanford  White,  Architect,  who  has  kindly 
consented  to  prepare  them,  and  has  offered  his  services 
without  expense. 

"  The  Arch  will  be  erected  in  accordance  with  one 
of   Mr.    White's    designs,    at   such    point   upon  Fifth 


8 


WASHINGTON  ARCH,  (North  View.) 


Avenue  between  Washington  Square  and  14th  Street, 
as  he  may  advise. 

"  The  route  of  the  procession  is  not,  as  at  first 
announced,  up  Broadway  to  14th  Street,  but  is  up 
Broadway  to  Waverley  Place,  down  Waverley  Place  to 
Fifth  Avenue,  and  up  Fifth  Avenue  to  59th  Street. 

"  The  Arch  to  be  erected  will  be  paid  for  by 
voluntary  subscriptions,  and  the  design  will  be  selected 
during  this  present  month  in  accordance  with  the 
amount  subscribed. 

"  Subscriptions  will  only  be  sought  from  residents 
on  Waverley  Place,  Washington  Square,  and  Fifth 
Avenue,  from  the  Square  to  14th  Street. 

"You  are  respectfully  invited  to  subscribe  to  the 
fund.  Cheques  may  be  sent  to  order  of  the  under- 
signed, as  Treasurer  of  the  fund,  or,  if  cash  be  sub- 
scribed, it  may  be  handed  to  the  bearer.  In  either  case, 
it  is  requested  that  the  name  of  the  subscriber  and 
amount  of  the  subscription  be  entered  in  ink  on  the 
following  subscription  list." 

Dated  New  York,  March,  6th,  1889. 

WM.  R.  STEWART, 

17  Washington  Square. 

This  appeal  elicited  generous  response,  and  the 
names  of  the  subscribers  to  the  fund  for  the  erection 
of  the  temporary  Triumphal  Arch  and  their  residences 
are  here  given,  as  in  the  future  they  may  have  his- 
torical interest: 


9 


Belknap,  Mrs.  A.  B.,  46  Fifth  Avenue. 

Brevoort  House,  15  Fifth  Avenue. 

Butterfield,  Daniel,  60  Fifth  Avenue. 

Butterfield,  Mrs.,  60  Fifth  Avenue. 

Chickering,  C.  F.,  5  Fifth  Avenue. 

Coddington,  Miss  Maria  F.,  42  Fifth  Avenue. 

Cooper,  Edward,  i  2  Washington  Square. 

Cross,  R.  J.,  6  Washington  Square. 

Dana,  Paul,  i  Fifth  Avenue. 

Davis,  John  H.,  24  Washington  Square. 

De  Rham,  Charles,  24  Fifth  Avenue. 

De  Rham,  C,  Jr.,  24  Fifth  Avenue. 

De  Rham,  Miss,  24  Fifth  Avenue. 

Duncan,  W.  Butler,  i  Fifth  Avenue. 

D wight,  Theodore  W.,  19  Fifth  Avenue. 

Dyer,  Marv  J.,  28  Fifth  Avenue. 

Edison  United  Mfg.  Co.,  65  Fifth  Avenue. 

Foster,  Frederic  de  P.,  23  Fifth  Avenue. 

Foster,  Giraud,  23  Fifth  Avenue. 

Francklyn,  Charles  G.,  15  Washington  Square. 

Gautier,  D.  G.,  32  Fifth  Avenue. 

Gautier,  J.  H.,  32  Fifth  Avenue. 

Green,  Mrs.  John  C,  10  Washington  Square. 

Hunt,  R.  M.,  2  Washington  Square. 

Jewett,  H.  J.,  1  Washington  Square. 

Johnston,  John  Taylor,  8  Fifth  Avenue. 

Kelly,  Eugene,  Jr.,  19  Washington  Square. 

Kennedy,  Miss  R.  F.,  41  Fifth  Avenue. 

Lawton,  James  M.,  37  Fifth  Avenue. 

Lawton,  Mrs.  James  M.,  37  Fifth  Avenue. 

Livingston,  H.  T.,  20  Washington  Square. 

Mackey,  Oscar  T. 

Maitland,  Robert  L.,  55  Fifth  Avenue. 
March,  Mrs.,  26  Washington  Square. 


10 


Merritt,  Mrs.,  37  Fifth  Avenue. 

Minturn,  Mrs.  John  W.,  22  Washington  Square. 

Morgan,  Mrs.  P.,  27  Fifth  Avenue. 

Norris,  Joseph  P.,  36  Washington  Square. 

Partridge,  Edward,  L.,  19  Fifth  Avenue. 

Pearsall,  Miss  Phebe,  3  Waverley  Place. 

Peckham,  W.  M.,  31  Fifth  Avenue. 

Reed,  Mrs.  John  Van  D.,  4  Washington  Square. 

Remsen,  Mrs.  H.  R.,  44  Fifth  Avenue. 

Rhinelander,  The  Misses,  14  Washington  Square. 

Robinson,  E.  R.,  23  Washington  Square. 

Robinson,  J.  P.,  30  Fifth  Avenue. 

Roe,  Mrs.  Stephen  R.,  40  Fifth  Avenue. 

Runyon,  Charles,  25  Fifth  Avenue. 

Sallinger,  Edward,  64  Fifth  Avenue. 

Sickles,  Daniel  E.,  23  Fifth  Avenue. 

Stewart,  Mrs.  Lispenard,  6  Fifth  Avenue. 

Stewart,  Lispenard,  6  Fifth  Avenue. 

Stewart,  William  R.,  17  Washington  Square. 

Strong,  Charles  E.,  16  Fifth  Avenue. 

Tailer,  Edward  N.,  i  i  Washington  Square. 

Talbot,  Mrs.  C.  N.,  62  Fifth  Avenue. 

Waterbury,  J.  M.,  43  Fifth  Avenue. 

Wetmore,  Mrs.  Samuel,  15  Waverley  Place. 

Wilkes,  Miss,  16  Washington  Square. 

Wilson,  William  G.,  33  Fifth  Avenue. 

Witherbee,  Frank  S.,  4  Fifth  Avenue. 

Work,  Mrs.  John  C,  10  Fifth  Avenue. 

Worthington,  Charles  C,  27  Fifth  Avenue. 

The  total  amount  collected  was  $2,765,  which  sum 
was  sufficient  to  pay  for  the  structure ;  a  balance  of 
$66.50  remaining  was  turned  in  to  the  Treasurer  of  the 
Washington  Arch  Fund. 

1  1 


Mr.  White  prepared  and  submitted  three  designs 
to  Mr.  Stewart,  and  they  agreed  in  selecting  that  which 
was  afterwards  followed  in  the  erection  of  the  Arch. 
Specifications  having  been  prepared  and  estimates  made 
upon  them,  the  contract  was  awarded  to  Joseph  Cabus, 
the  promoter  of  the  enterprise  being  named  as  party 
of  the  first  part.  Several  permits,  which  it  was  found 
necessary  to  obtain  from  the  municipal  authorities,  were 
also  given  to  him. 

The  Arch  was  erected  on  Fifth  'Avenue,  spanning 
it  from  curb  to  curb  about  100  feet  north  of  Washing- 
ton Square,  between  the  residences  of  Hon.  Edward 
Cooper,  formerly  Mayor  of  the  City,  and  the  Misses 
Rhinelander.  As  to  some  extent  its  design  suggested 
that  of  the  marble  Arch  now  standing  in  the  Square, 
the  following  description,  prepared  by  the  architect  at 
the  time,  is  added  : 

"  The  Arch  is  built  entirely  of  wood  and  is  orn- 
amented with  a  frieze  of  garlands  and  wreaths  of 
laurels  in  papier  mache.  It  is  painted  ivory  white.  As 
far  as  possible  for  so  temporary  a  structure,  the  design 
follows  the  regular  type  of  classic  arch.  It  spans  the 
roadway,  and,  to  avoid  obstructing  the  sidewalk,  the 
piers  have  not  been  made  quite  as  wide  as  the  structure 
would  naturally  call  for  in  the  matter  of  proportion. 
The  idea  has  been  to  carry  out  a  type  of  architecture 
which  prevailed  during  colonial  and  Washington's  own 
time,  and  which  belongs  more  naturally  to  this  country 
than  any  other;  the  private  residences  on  both  sides 


I  2 


WASHINGTON  ARCH,  (South  View.) 


are  somewhat  of  this  order  of  architecture,  and  details 
of  both  have  been  reproduced  in  the  Arch. 

"The  dimensions  of  the  Arch  are  as  follows:  Width 
of  archway,  41  feet ;  height  to  spring  of  Arch,  22  feet; 
height  of  archway,  43  feet ;  height  to  cornice,  55  feet ; 
entire  height,  inclusive  of  statue  on  apex,  71  feet;  entire 
width  of  Arch,  51  feet." 

A  statue  of  General  Washington  ten  feet  high  stood 
upon  a  pedestal  on  the  apex  of  the  Arch,  of  carved  wood, 
painted ;  it  represented  the  Father  of  his  Country  in 
Continental  uniform,  blue  dresscoat  with  brass  buttons, 
buff  breeches  and  riding  boots.  The  right  arm  was 
extended  by  the  side,  and  the  left,  holding  a  cocked  hat, 
rested  lightly  on  the  hip.  This  statue  is  said  to  have 
been  erected  on  the  Battery  in  1792,  and  the  first  erected 
in  this  city  ;  it  certainly  bears  evidence  of  great  age. 
At  the  foot  of  the  statue  was  a  large  trophy  of  American 
flags,  and  four  large  bunches  of  flags  arranged  as  trophies 
on  the  sides  of  the  Arch  at  its  spring  contained — alter- 
nating with  our  own  national  emblem — the  flags  of  those 
foreign  nations  from  which  our  population  has  been 
mainly  recruited  by  immigration.  Upon  either  keystone 
perched  a  fine  stuffed  specimen  of  the  American  bald- 
headed  eagle,  the  larger  of  the  birds  measuring  7  feet 
6  inches  from  tip  to  tip. 

In  the  adjoining  yard  of  the  Misses  Rhinelander 
a  dynamo  was  erected  temporarily,  and  from  this  wires 
were  carried  to  the  Arch,  which  at  night  was  brilliantly 
illuminated  by  the  Edison  incandescent  electric  light, 


13 


several  hundred  lights  being  so  arranged  as  to  bring 
out  in  glittering  relief  the  outlines  of  the  structure  and 
its  decorations. 

Great  pains  were  taken  by  those  interested  in  the 
erection  of  the  Arch  to  make  it  as  perfect  as  possible  in 
its  decorations,  and  the  owners  of  residences  on  either 
side  of  it  erected  large  stands  covering  their  court-yards, 
which  were  draped  in  red  to  give  relief  to  the  dead 
white  of  the  Arch,  and  so  to  enhance  its  effect.  The 
city  authorities  erected  public  stands  along  the  north 
side  of  Washington  Square,  and  many  private  stands 
were  built  by  the  owners  of  houses  opposite,  so  that 
when  the  military  on  the  first  day  of  the  celebration, 
leaving  Broadway  to  march  down  Waverley  Place  to 
Fifth  Avenue,  passed  between  two  rows  of  decorated 
stands  from  University  Place  to  Fifth  Avenue,  where 
it  passed  under  the  Arch,  a  wonderfully  brilliant  effect 
was  produced.  The  stands  continued  in  solid  line  to 
Eighth  Street.  For  several  following  nights  the  illumi- 
nation of  the  Arch  by  electricity  attracted  crowds  to  the 
neighborhood  and  presented  a  beautiful  sight. 

By  general  consent  the  Washington  Triumphal  Arch 
was  proclaimed  the  most  artistic  and  successful  structure 
of  a  temporary  kind  ever  erected  in  America  for  any 
celebration,  and  unstinted  praise  was  given  to  the 
residents  of  the  neighborhood,  who  were  said  to  have 
set  a  rare  and  worthy  example  of  public  spirit  and 
patriotism.  The  press  of  the  city  with  one  accord 
called   upon  the   committee  which  had  charge  of  the 


14 


centennial  celebration  to  take  steps  to  perpetuate  the 
Arch  in  stone  as  a  monument  of  the  event  just  cele- 
brated. On  May  2d  the  Centennial  Committee  on  Art 
and  Exhibition  recommended  to  the  Committee  on  Plan 
and  Scope  "  the  formation  of  a  special  committee  for 
the  purpose  of  erecting  in  Washington  Square,  at  the 
entrance  of  Fifth  Avenue,  the  Arch  designed  by  Stan- 
ford White  for  the  Centennial  Celebration  of  the  In- 
auguration of  Washington."  May  4th  the  Committee 
on  Plan  and  Scope  referred  the  matter  back  "  to  the 
individual  members  of  the  Art  Committee  for  them  to 
organize  a  special  committee  if  they  see  fit,  in  order 
to  carry  out  the  object  proposed  as  a  permanent  rec- 
ognition of  the  event  commemorated."  May  6th  the 
members  of  the  Art  and  Exhibition  Committee  and  a 
number  of  others  met  and  organized  a  "  Committee  for 
the  Erection  of  the  Washington  Memorial  Arch." 
Henry  G.  Marquand,  Chairman  of  the  Art  and  Exhibi- 
tion Committee,  was  made  chairman  of  the  new  com- 
mittee ;  Gen.  Louis  Fitzgerald,  Vice-Chairman ;  Richard 
Watson  Gilder,  Secretary,  and  William  R.  Stewart, 
Treasurer.  Several  gentlemen  elected  members  of  the 
committee  declined  to  serve,  and  the  final  membership 
will  be  given  later.  At  this  first  meeting  of  the  com- 
mittee it  was  decided,  by  formal  resolution,  that  the 
Arch  should  be  erected  of  marble  in  or  near  Wash- 
ington Square,  that  Mr.  Stanford  White  should  design 
it,  and  that  it  should  be  called  the  "Washington  Me- 
morial Arch."    It  was  further  decided  to  appeal  to  the 


15 


public  for  $100,000  with  which  to  build  the  Arch  and 
for  $50,000  for  its  decoration. 

These  resolutions,  passed  at  the  first  meeting  of 
the  committee,  were  wise  and  timely,  and  settled  many 
questions  which,  if  left  open  to  discussion,  would  have 
seriously  interfered  with,  if  not  imperilled  the  success 
of  the  enterprise.  The  architect,  site,  and  cost,  were 
agreed  upon  in  advance,  before  appeals  for  the  fund 
began,  and  subscriptions  were  received  only  in  conform- 
ity with  these  resolutions.  After  the  meeting  several 
thousand  dollars  were  subscribed  by  members  of  the 
committee  who  were  present. 

On  account  of  many  objections  to  the  site  de- 
termined upon  by  the  committee,  it  was  found  difficult 
to  obtain  subscriptions  with  the  help  of  trade  or  other 
organizations,  and  the  fund  was  begun,  and  mainly 
completed,  by  the  individual  efforts  of  a  few  members 
of  the  committee,  who  sought  large  subscriptions  by 
personal  visits  and  letters.  The  fund  reached  $10,000 
on  the  10th  of  May,  1889,  $20,000  on  the  14th,  $30,000 
on  the  21st,  and  $40,000  on  the  31st.  The  terrible 
calamity  at  Johnstown,  in  the  Conemaugh  Valley,  by 
which  several  hundred  people  lost  their  lives  by 
floods,  occurred  on  the  31st  of  May,  and  the  appeal 
for  the  relief  of  the  survivors  was  recognized  by  the 
Arch  Committee  as  paramount  to  its  own  objects. 
From  this  date  until  September  active  work  was  thus 
necessarily  suspended,  and  the  occurrence  of  the  ca- 
lamity at  this  time  prevented  the  speedy  completion  of 

16 


the  fund.  The  people  of  New  York  City  during  this 
period  contributed  a  vast  sum  for  the  relief  of  the 
sufferers  by  the  floods. 

With  September  a  strong  effort  was  made  by  the 
Treasurer  to  revive  interest  in  the  Arch  Fund,  and  on 
the  5th  of  that  month  it  reached  $50,000.  At  a  meeting 
of  the  committee,  November  1st,  1889,  the  Treasurer 
stated  that  he  would  be  obliged  to  go  abroad  for  rest 
at  an  early  day,  to  be  absent  for  several  months,  and 
that  he  felt  it  his  duty  to  tender  his  resignation,  which 
the  committee  very  generously  laid  upon  the  table. 
During  his  absence  the  active  work  of  raising  the  fund 
was  continued  from  his  office,  and  on  the  20th  of  No- 
vember it  amounted  to  $60,000. 

By  the  payment  of  twenty-five  subscriptions,  amount- 
ing in  all  to  $1,010,  obtained  through  the  public-spirited 
effort  of  Mr.  Clarence  W.  Bowen,  not  then  but  sub- 
sequently a  member  of  the  committee,  the  fund  reached 
$70,000  on  the  8th  of  February,  1890. 

From  the  inception  of  the  enterprise  the  "Commercial 
Advertiser,"  an  evening  newspaper,  had  been  foremost 
of  the  city  press  in  giving  its  time  and  space  to  its 
promotion,  reserving  a  certain  place  in  its  columns  daily 
for  items  relating  to  the  Arch  Fund,  and  invariably 
publishing  all  subscriptions.  The  Treasurer's  custom 
was  to  send  daily  from  his  office  to  the  leading  news- 
papers statements  of  subscriptions  received  and  items  of 
interest.  The  "  Commercial  Advertiser "  undertook  to 
raise  $1   each   from   1,000  women,  and  completed  its 


17 


patriotic  effort  April  5th,  1890,  when  the  names  of  the 
1,000  subscribers  were  published  in  one  list,  at  the 
head  of  which  were  the  names  of  Mrs.  Grover  Cleve- 
land and  Mrs.  Levi  P.  Morton. 

On  the  19th  of  May  the  books  show  that  the  fund 
reached  $80,000. 

The  committee  determined  that  when  $60,000  were 
subscribed  subscriptions  should  be  called  in,  and  active 
work  upon  the  structure  begun.  In  April,  1890,  the 
contract  for  preparing  the  foundations  was  awarded  to 
David  H.  King,  Jr.,  the  well-known  builder  of  the 
Pedestal  of  the  Statue  of  Liberty  and  of  many  great 
commercial  and  other  buildings.  On  the  30th  of  April, 
the  first  anniversary  of  the  Centennial  Celebration, 
ground  was  broken  by  Henry  G.  Marquand,  Chairman 
of  the  Committee,  without  formal  ceremony,  in  the  pres- 
ence of  Messrs.  Edward  Cooper,  William  E.  Dodge, 
R.  W.  Gilder,  Richard  M.  Hunt,  Eugene  Kelly,  General 
Fitzgerald,  and  others  of  the  committee,  Stanford  White, 
the  architect,  David  H.  King,  Jr.,  the  builder,  and 
J.  Hampden  Robb,  Park  Commissioner.  Work  upon 
the  foundations  was  pushed,  and  they  were  completed 
within  a  month. 

Imposing  ceremonies  attended  the  laying  of  the 
corner-stone  on  Decoration  Day,  May  30,  1890.  The 
National  Guard  of  the  City  of  New  York,  commanded 
by  General  Fitzgerald,  marched  between  the  stands  which 
had  been  erected.  A  vast  concourse  of  citizens  sur- 
rounded the  spot.    Henry  G.  Marquand,  chairman  of 

18 


the  committee,  acted  as  Master  of  Ceremonies.  Bishop 
Henry  C.  Potter  opened  the  exercises  by  prayer.  Fol- 
lowing this  a  hymn,  especially  written  for  the  occasion 
by  Robert  Underwood  Johnson,  was  snug  by  the 
Oratorio  and  other  singing  societies,  in  all  200  voices, 
led  by  Frank  H.  Damrosch.  Addresses  were  made  by 
Henry  G.  Marquand  and  Waldo  Hutchins,  representing 
the  Park  Commission,  and  the  chorus  sang  patriotic  airs. 
The  oration  was  then  delivered  by  George  William 
Curtis,  who  concluded  it  with  a  quotation  from  Wash- 
ington's Address,  delivered  in  the  Constitutional  Con- 
vention, u  Let  us  raise  a  standard  to  which  the  wise 
and  the  honest  can  repair.  The  event  is  in  the  hands 
of  God."  These  words,  at  Mr.  Curtis's  suggestion,  have 
been  inscribed  on  the  large  panel  of  the  attic  on  the 
south  front  of  the  Arch. 

The  actual  ceremonies  of  laying  the  corner-stone 
were  then  conducted  in  accordance  with  the  Masonic 
ritual  by  the  Grand  Lodge.  The  Rev.  Robert  Collyer, 
Grand  Chaplain,  used  in  the  service  the  Bible  on  which 
Washington  took  his  oath  of  office,  and  from  it  read 
the  chapters  of  Genesis  which,  as  he  explained,  had 
been  read  at  Washington's  inauguration.  A  copper  box 
containing  coins,  medals,  newspapers,  and  articles  re- 
lating to  the  Arch  and  the  committee,  was  deposited  in 
a  receptacle  provided  for  it,  the  architect,  Stanford  White, 
offered  the  plumb,  level  and  square  for  testing  the 
stone,  which  was  then  partially  lowered,  Grand  Master 
John  W.  Vrooman,  with  a  silver  trowel,  presented  to 


19 


him  by  the  committee,  laid  the  mortar  above  the  re- 
ceptacle, and  the  stone  was  then  lowered  into  its  place. 
After  the  stone  had  been  tested  and  pronounced  truly 
laid,  prayer  was  made  by  Grand  Chaplain  Collyer  and 
an  address  delivered  by  Grand  Master  Vrooman.  This 
concluded  the  ceremonies,  which  were  witnessed  from  a 
stand  erected  by  the  committee  b}'  a  number  of  dis- 
tinguished persons,  including  President  Cleveland,  then 
ex-President,  and  Mrs.  Cleveland,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles 
S.  Fairchild,  William  E.  Dodge,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Richard 
Watson  Gilder,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edward  Cooper,  Lispenard 
Stewart,  John  Jacob  Astor,  Jr.,  Charles  H.  Russell,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Frank  S.  Witherbee,  Augustus  St.  Gaudens, 
Eugene  Kelly,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Butler  Duncan,  Theodore 
W.  Myers,  Samuel  D.  Babcock,  Daniel  Huntington, 
Donald  McNaughton,  Bishop  Henry  C.  Potter  and 
Mrs.  Potter,  Charles  S.  Smith,  William  L.  Strong,  John 
A.  King,  Rutherford  Stuyvesant,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frederick 
G.  Lee,  and  many  others. 

Several  months  were  spent  after  the  corner-stone 
had  been  laid  in  the  perfecting  of  the  final  designs  for 
the  superstructure  of  the  Arch,  in  the  preparation  of 
specifications,  and  in  tests  of  marbles  submitted  from 
different  quarries.  The  marble  finally  selected  was 
from  the  Tuckahoe  Quarry,  in  Westchester  Count}-. 

The  Treasurer  of  the  fund  returned  from  Europe 
in  September,  1890,  and  at  once  resumed  the  task  of 
completing  it.  He  laid  the  first  block  of  marble,  which 
was  set  on  the  2  2d  day  of  December,  1890,  on  the  south- 


20 


westerly  angle  of  the  westerly  pier,  and,  weather  per- 
mitting, work  upon  the  structure  was  continued  during 
the  Winter.  The  contract  for  the  Arch,  exclusive  of 
the  carving  upon  it,  was  awarded  to  David  H.  King,  Jr., 
who,  from  public-spirited  motives,  agreed  to  build  the 
Arch  for  cost,  waiving  his  usual  commission  of  ten  per 
cent. ;  Mr.  King  gave  the  contract  for  the  marble  to 
James  Sinclair  &  Co.,  and  for  setting  it  to  David 
Angus  ;  the  brick  filling  of  the  Arch  was  done  by  em- 
ployees of  Mr.  King. 

The  fund  reached  $90,000  on  the  10th  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1891 ;  on  the  14th,  at  the  sale  of  pictures  of 
George  I.  Seney,  the  proceeds  of  two  of  them,  $1,550, 
were  given  to  the  fund,  this  being  the  largest  indi- 
vidual subscription  to  date.  The  piers  of  the  Arch, 
which  were  then  about  ten  feet  high,  were  decorated 
with  flags  at  half-mast  for  the  funeral  procession  of 
General  Sherman,  which  passed  the  site  in  February. 
The  growth  of  the  Arch  fund  was  impeded  at  this 
time  by  the  raising  of  a  fund  of  $50,000  for  a  statue 
to  General  Sherman  in  this  city. 

Early  in  April,  when  the  piers  had  reached  a 
height  of  about  25  feet,  work  upon  them  was  suspended 
for  the  construction  of  a  substantial  scaffold,  28  feet 
high,  which  entirely  surrounded  both  piers,  and  fur- 
nished a  covered  roadway  for  the  passage  of  traffic 
between  them ;  the  erection  of  this  scaffolding  was 
ordered  by  the  City  Government,  and  its  cost,  about 
$4,000,  was  an  item  which  had  not  entered  into  the 


21 


estimates  of  the  committee.  On  the  completion  of  this 
platform,  which  required  a  month  to  build,  steam  power 
and  derricks  were  placed  upon  it,  and  work  upon  the 
structure  was  more  rapidly  pushed. 

The  sum  of  $100,000,  originally  estimated  to  be 
sufficient  to  complete  the  Arch,  without  decorations  of 
statuary,  was  subscribed  by  the  29th  of  April,  1891,  and 
two  years  from  the  date  of  the  Centennial  of  Washing- 
ton's Inauguration  the  original  fund  was  fully  raised 
and  the  structure  well  under  way.  Revised  and  final 
estimates  showed  that  it  would  be  necessary  to  increase 
the  fund  to  $128,000  in  order  to  finish  the  Arch  in 
accordance  with  the  finally  accepted  and  detailed  de- 
signs submitted  by  Mr.  White,  which  were  approved 
at  a  meeting  of  the  committee  on  the  6th  of  May, 
1 89 1.  This  increased  cost  was  partly  owing  to  the 
greater  size  of  the  structure  over  that  at  first  proposed, 
and  partly  to  the  enrichment  of  the  sculpture.  This 
estimate,  it  should  be  remembered,  was  exclusive  of 
the  cost  of  the  groups  of  statuary  not  yet  designed  in 
detail.  It  therefore  became  necessary  to  continue  the 
work  of  raising  the  fund. 

The  piers  were  completed  and  the  first  springer 
stone  was  set  on  the  19th  of  May,  1891  ;  the  key- 
stone of  the  north  front  was  set  on  the  17th  of  July, 
and  that  on  the  south  front  shortly  afterward.  By 
December  15th  of  that  year  the  structure  had  been 
carried  to  a  height  of  63  feet  6  inches,  or  4  feet  above 
the  cornice ;   the  soffits,  or  interior  decoration  of  the 


22 


Arch,  and  the  keystones  were  carved  in  the  marble 
yards  before  being  set,  as  was  also  the  cornice ;  the 
frieze  was  carved  in  place.  By  the  close  of  the  year 
the  structure  was  carried  to  the  base  of  the  attic  cor- 
nice, and  then  covered  for  the  Winter. 

The  fund  reached  $110,000  on  the  28th  of  January, 
1892.  At  a  meeting  of  the  committee,  on  the  13th  of 
March,  the  inscription  was  approved  for  the  large 
panel  of  the  attic  on  the  north  front :  "  To  commem- 
orate the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  inaugura- 
tion of  George  Washington  as  first  President  of  the 
United  States." 

M.  Ignace  Jan  Paderewski,  the  great  Polish 
pianist,  had  made  a  tour  of  the  United  States  during 
the  winter  of  18,92,  and  was  everywhere  enthusiastically 
received.  Desiring  to  testify  his  appreciation  of  the 
hospitality  received  in  America,  he  volunteered  to  give 
a  farewell  concert  for  the  benefit  of  the  Arch  Fund, 
and  engaged  the  Metropolitan  Opera  House  for  this 
purpose.  Colonel  Henry  Higginson,  of  Boston,  offered 
to  give  the  services  of  the  Boston  Symphony  Orchestra, 
under  the  leadership  of  Arthur  Nixisch,  conductor,  to 
contribute  to  the  success  of  this  event.  It  was  stated 
that  the  eminent  pianist  intentionally  selected  the  Arch 
Fund  as  his  beneficiary,  as  it  had  a  national  sentiment. 
This  benefit  concert  took  place  on  the  evening  of 
March  27th,  and  its  gross  proceeds,  through  the  public 
spirited  action  of  the  persons  named,  and  Messrs  Stein- 
way  &  Sons,  piano  manufacturers,  who  paid  all  other 


23 


expenses,  added  $4,500  to  the  fund,  which  on  March 
29th  passed  $120,000. 

The  work  of  completing  the  Arch  was  resumed  in 
March,  1892,  the  interior  chamber  roofed,  and  the 
cornice  of  the  attic  set,  with  the  exception  of  three 
stones  which  were  prepared  to  be  put  in  place  with  in- 
formal ceremony.  The  stairs  were  not  built  at  that 
time  in  the  westerly  pier,  and  access  to  the  roof  of  the 
Arch,  a  height  of  about  75  feet,  could  only  be  had  by 
climbing  ladders.  For  this  reason  no  formal  ceremonies 
could  be  held.  On  the  5th  of  April  a  group  of  men, 
having  scaled  the  ladders,  assembled  on  the  roof  of 
the  Arch  to  witness  the  laying  of  the  last  stones. 
These  were  three  marble  blocks  of  the  top  course  of 
the  attic  on  the  south  front,  over  the  easterly  end  of 
its  middle  panel.  The  first  of  these  was  set  by 
Richard  Watson  Gilder,  the  secretary  of  the  committee; 
the  second  by  Stanford  White,  the  architect  of  the 
Arch ;  and  the  last  by  William  R.  Stewart,  the  origin- 
ator of  the  enterprise  and  treasurer  of  the  fund,  who, 
striking  the  stone  with  the  mason's  mallet,  said:  "This 
is  the  last  block  of  marble  of  the  Washington  Arch, 
of  which  the  first  was  set  December  2  2d,  1890.  I  de- 
clare that  it  is  well  aud  truly  laid.  '  Finis  coronat 
opus.'"  The  initials  of  the  gentlemen  who  set  the 
stones  were  cut  in  the  joints.  There  were  present, 
besides  the  persons  named  who  laid  the  stones,  James 
Sinclair  and  John  J.  Sinclair,  of  the  firm  who  supplied 
the  marble ;  C.  Wilson  Atkins,  representing  David  H. 


24 


TROPHY  PANEL,  NORTH  PIER. 


King,  Jr.,  the  builder;  William  Angus  and  David 
Angus,  of  the  firm  which  set  the  stone ;  Thomas  F. 
Keating,  Hamilton  G.  King,  and  Frank  Boyer,  of  the 
office  staff  of  the  treasurer ;  Clarence  L.  Cullen,  of  the 
"New  York  Times;"  Frederic  N.  Peck,  of  the  "New 
York  World;"  E.  G.  Burroughs  and  J.  S.  Pughe,  of 
the  "New  York  Recorder;"  and  P.  G.  Duffy,  watch- 
man. The  actual  work  of  lowering  the  last  three 
stones  was  done  under  the  direction  of  Adolph  Bell, 
foreman,  by  Peter  McNiven,  Dan.  Barnetson,  William 
Budge,  Ben.  Bain,  and  Michael  Millett,  stone-setters. 
A  photographer  from  Pach  Brothers  was  present,  and 
took  groups  of  the  Secretary,  Treasurer,  and  Architect, 
and  of  all  persons  assembled  on  the  roof  of  the  struct- 
ure. The  photographs  were  taken  by  the  second 
photographer  sent,  the  first  being  unable  from  vertigo 
to  ascend  the  ladder. 

At  the  time  the  last  stone  was  set  the  fund 
amounted  to  $121,907.50. 

The  structural  completion  of  the  Arch  within  less 
than  three  years  of  the  inception  of  the  enterprise 
elicited  favorable  comment  from  the  press,  and  was  a 
cause  of  rejoicing  to  all  who  had  contributed  to 
accomplish  this  result. 

At  the  time  the  committee  was  constituted  as 
follows  : 


25 


COMMITTEE  ON   ERECTION  OF  THE  WASHING- 
TON ARCH  AT  WASHINGTON  SQUARE. 


OFFICERS. 


Henry  G.  Marquand,  Chairman. 

Louis  Fitzgerald,  Vice-chairman. 

Richard  W.  Gilder,  Secretary. 

William  R.  Stewart,  Treasurer. 

FINANCE  COMMITTEE. 

William  R.  Stewart,  Treasurer. 
Edward  Cooper.  Charles  S.  Smith. 

Members  of  the  Centennial  Committee  on  Art  and  Exhibition. 


Hjalmar  H.  Boyesen, 
John  L.  Cadwalader, 
William  A.  Coffin, 
William  E.  Dodge, 
Alexander  W.  Drake, 
Gordon  L.  Ford, 
Richard  W.  Gilder, 
Daniel  Huntington, 

Additional  Members 


Henry  G.  Marquand, 
Francis  D.  Millet, 
Oliver  H.  Perry, 
Charles  H.  Russell, 
F.  Hopkinson  Smith, 
Lispenard  Stewart, 
Rutherford  Stuyvesant. 


Edward  D.  Adams, 
John  Jacob  Astor,  Jr., 
Samuel  D.  Babcock, 
Clarence  W.  Bowen, 
Grover  Cleveland, 
Edward  Cooper, 
Robert  W.  de  Forest, 
Louis  Fitzgerald, 
Hugh  J.  Grant,  Mayor, 
Richard  M.  Hunt, 


Eugene  Kelly, 
Levi  P.  Morton, 
Theodore  W.  Myers, 
Jacob  H.  Schiff, 
Charles  S.  Smith, 
William  R.  Stewart, 
William  L.  Strong, 
Russell  Sturgis, 
Jenkins  Van  Schaick. 


26 


No  changes  had  been  made  during  the  three  years 
in  the  officers  or  list  of  members  formerly  on  the  Cen- 
tennial Committee  on  Art  and  Exhibition ;  many 
changes,  however,  were  made  from  time  to  time  in  the 
list  of  additional  members ;  of  those  named  above 
Messrs.  Gordon  L,.  Ford  and  Eugene  Kelly  have  since 
died. 

The  Secretary's  minutes  show  that  meetings  of  the 
Committee  were  held  May  7th,  May  10th,  May  14th, 
May  29th,  September  18th,  October  2d,  and  November 
1st,  1889;  January  16th,  April  25th,  May  30th  and 
December  2d,  1890.  In  189 1  the  Committee  met  March 
1 2th,  at  which  meeting  the  word  "memorial"  was  by 
resolution  omitted  from  the  designation  of  the  Com- 
mittee and  the  monument ;  May  6th,  November  30th, 
and  December  14th.  In  1892,  meetings  were  held  Jan- 
uary 1 2th  and  March  28th,  no  other  meetings  being 
held  until  March  15th,  1895.  The  meetings  of  1889 
and  1890  were  held  in  various  places;  subsequently  the 
place  of  meeting  was  the  office  of  the  Treasurer,  54 
William  Street. 

In  April  and  May  of  1892  over  $1,300  were  added 
to  the  fund  through  the  public-spirited  efforts  of  Mrs. 
Simon  Sternberger,  a  Hebrew,  who,  unsolicited,  ob- 
tained subscriptions  to  that  amount  from  women  of 
her  own  race. 

The  Arch  was  decorated  with  flags  in  honor  of 
the  ceremony  of  laying  the  corner-stone  of  the  tomb 
of  General  Grant,  on  the  27th  day  of  April,  1892,  and 


27 


again  on  the  30th  of  April,  the  103d  anniversary  of 
the  inauguration  of  President  Washington  and  the  third 
anniversary  of  the  inception  of  the  enterprise  for  its 
erection.  At  this  time  the  unsightly  scaffolding  which 
for  more  than  a  year  surrounded  the  structure  had 
been  taken  down.  By  dint  of  hard  work  the  last 
timbers  were  removed  on  the  29th  of  April,  and  on 
the  third  anniversary  of  the  Centennial  of  1889  an  un- 
obstructed view  was  first  had  of  the  completed  Arch. 
The  fund  then  amounted  to  $125,308.  The  stairs  of 
110  steps  had  been  built  in  the  westerly  pier,  the 
roof  completed,  and  the  panels  of  the  attic  carved,  and 
the  following  work  remained  to  be  done  for  the  dec- 
oration of  the  structure :  Two  marble  eagles,  in  pro- 
cess of  being  carved  after  designs  by  Martini,  to  be 
put  in  place,  and  the  four  trophy  panels  and  four 
spandrels  to  be  carved  in  relief.  During  the  progress 
of  work  upon  the  Arch  man}-  photographs  of  it  were 
taken  by  the  Treasurer,  some  of  which  in  reduced  size 
are  used  to  illustrate  this  sketch. 

By  the  1st  day  of  June,  1892,  the  fund  of  $128,000 
for  the  erection  of  the  Arch  was  completed  by  a  sub- 
scription of  $130  from  the  members  of  the  office  staff 
of  McKim,  Mead  &  White,  of  which  firm  the  architect, 
Mr.  Stanford  White,  was  a  member.  Owing  to  many 
unforeseen  events,  it  proved  to  be  much  more  difficult 
to  raise  the  fund  than  was  at  first  supposed.  The 
calamity  at  Johnstown  almost  killed  it,  and  interest  in 
it   was   revived    only   by   persistent   and  painstaking 


28 


SPANDREL,  (War.) 
From  Plaster  Model. 


work.  The  following  summary  statement  shows  sub- 
scriptions received  each  month  from  the  opening  of 
the  Treasurer's  books  to  the  close  of  the  fund  : 


Month. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

January      .  . 

$4,169  45 

$3,434 

00 

$2,642  71 

February  . 

3,o47  5 6 

5,640 

00 

3,38i  47 

March    .    .  . 

3,664  8.^ 

2,352 

00 

7,900  OO 

April     .    .  . 

1,096  50 

3,228 

19 

3,860  50 

May      .    .  . 

$40,067 

66 

6,423  54 

3,894  96 

2,692  00 

June      .    .  . 

5,9" 

45 

320  00 

i,575 

18 

July       .    .  . 

955 

25 

38  50 

412 

47 

August  .    .  . 

1,041  85 

9 

97 

September  .  . 

4,897 

25 

1,000  00 

15 

44 

October     .  . 

4,266 

24 

120  96 

165 

06 

November  .  . 

4,019 

40 

750  00 

107 

34 

December  .  . 

3,474 

01 

325  00 

1,01 1 

27 

Totals    .  . 

$64,633 

1 1 

$20,956  33 

$21,845  88 

$20,564  68 

Total  $128,000. 

Of  the  funds  subscribed,  $127,058  had  been  paid 
by  April  1,  1895,  leaving  $942  unpaid,  part  of  which 
may  still  be  collected.  The  construction  account  shows 
that  $123,648  had  been  expended  in  the  actual  con- 
struction and  enrichment  of  the  Arch  at  this  date. 

The  marble  eagles  were  placed  on  the  keystones, 
and  the  trophy  panels  of  the  south  front  carved  during 
the  Summer  and  Autumn  of  1892,  and  the  trophy 
panels  of  the  north  front  were  finished  in  February, 
1893,  at  which  date,  to  complete  the  decorations  of  the 
structure,  only  the  spandrel  panels  remained  to  be 
sculptured.      Owing  to  the  desire  of  the  architect  to 


29 


obtain  the  models  for  the  Victories  these  panels  were 
intended  to  contain  from  Mr.  William  MacMonnies,  the 
well-known  pupil  of  St.  Gaudens,  who  became  famous 
through  his  great  Fountain  in  the  Court  of  Honor  at 
the  Columbian  Exhibition  in  Chicago,  and  his  employ- 
ment on  previous  orders,  a  considerable  delay  was 
necessitated.  The  models  arrived  from  Paris  in  the 
Spring  of  1894,  and  the  figures  were  carved  from  these 
by  Piccirilli  and  finished  in  February,  1895.  They 
represent  four  female  figures,  winged  and  floating, 
masterpieces  of  relief  sculpture.  That  on  the  west  side 
of  the  north  front,  carrying  an  olive  leaf,  represents 
Peace ;  that  on  the  east  side,  carrying  a  trumpet,  rep- 
resents War.  On  the  west  side  of  the  south  front 
the  figure  represents  Fame,  and  on  the  east  side  Pros- 
perity. The  architect  s  designs  provide  for  groups  of 
statuary  to  be  placed  on  pedestals  prepared  for  them, 
on  the  north  front.  For  these  as  yet  no  modals  have 
been  made  or  estimates  of  cost  received,  but  Mr. 
MacMonnies  is  now  making  drawings  for  them.  It  is 
hoped  that  money  to  pay  for  these  groups  can  be  ob- 
tained by  the  same  means  that  were  employed  to  raise 
the  fund. 

By  the  completion  of  the  carving  of  the  spandrels 
the  Washington  Arch  is  structurally  finished,  and, 
therefore,  the  committee,  at  a  meeting  held  on  March 
18th,  1895,  resolved  to  transfer  it  to  the  city,  with  such 
suitable  public  ceremonies  as  could  be  arranged,  on  the 
30th  of  April,   1895,  being  the   106th  anniversary  of 


30 


the  Inauguration  of  George  Washington  as  first  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  and  the  sixth  since  the  in- 
ception of  the  enterprise  for  its  erection. 

The  practical  completion  of  so  important  a  monu- 
ment as  the  Washington  Arch  within  so  brief  a  period 
is  highly  creditable  to  the  people  of  the  city  of  New 
York,  whose  subscriptions  have  paid  for  it,  and  should 
encourage  further  efforts  to  enrich  our  cities  with  other 
monuments  erected  to  commemorate  great  events  in  our 
national  history.  It  is  doubtful  if  any  other  Arch  has 
ever  been  erected  by  subscription  from  private  citizens, 
and  it  is  probable  that  no  undertaking  of  this  character 
and  magnitude  has  ever  been  completed  in  this  country 
in  so  short  a  period.  Arches  abroad  have  been  erected, 
usually,  to  record  the  close  of  triumphal  wars,  and 
have  been  paid  for  by  national  and  municipal  govern- 
ments. 

The  progress  of  the  enterprise  has  shown  rare 
public  spirit  in  some  of  those  who  have  aided  in  its 
realization.  High  praise  is  due  the  architect,  Mr.  Stan- 
ford White,  who  has  given  much  time,  artistic  skill, 
and  energy,  to  the  preparation  of  numerous  designs 
for  the  structure,  and  to  the  superintendence  of  its  erec- 
tion, without  charge  to  the  fund  for  his  services  ;  also 
to  Mr.  David  H.  King,  Jr.,  the  builder,  who,  by  waiv- 
ing his  usual  commissions,  made  the  largest  individual 
subscription  to  the  fund.  The  contractors  and  their 
employees  seem  to  have  been  inspired  by  the  character 
of  the  structure  to  put  their  best  work  upon  it,  and 


3i 


the  Washington  Arch  has  been  so  built  as  to  testify 
for  ages  to  the  appreciation  by  this  generation  of  the 
great  event  which  it  was  erected  to  commemorate. 

WILLIAM  R.  STEWART. 

i  j  Washington  Square,  April  2d,  1895. 


32 


SPANDREL,  (Peace.) 
From  Plaster  Model. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  ARCH. 


HE  Washington  Arch  is  built  of  white  marble 
from  the  quarries  at  Tuckakoe,  New  York.  It 
consists  of  a  single  arch,  supporting  an  entablature 
and  attic,  and  springing  from  plain  piers,  broken,  on 
the  north  side  only,  by  pedestals  designed  for  the  re- 
ception of  groups  of  statuary.  Above  the  impost,  which 
is  ornamented  with  a  Greek  fret,  are  decorated  panels ; 
those  on  the  north  side  containing  in  the  centre  shields 
bearing  the  coat  of  arms,  crests  and  mottoes  of  General 
Washington  and  of  the  United  States,  and  those  on  the 
south  the  arms  of  the  State  and  the  City  of  New  York. 
The  arms  of  Washington  are  described  as  "  Argent,  two 
bars  gules,  in  chief  three  mullets."  A  raven  over  a 
coronet  constitutes  the  crest,  and  the  motto  reads : 
"  Exitus  acta  probat."  The  space  around  these  shields 
is  filled  with  trophies,  treated  in  a  purely  decorative 
manner :  there  being  above,  on  the  north  side,  which 
is  the  more  elaborate,  a  wreath  of  oak  encircling  a 
sword  hilt  and  flanked  with  festoons,  clustered  banners 
and  insignia  of  war  ;  below,  another  wreath  of  laurel, 
echoing  that  above  and  affixed  to  cross  cannon  of  the 
old  type.     On  the  south  side  are  again  trophies  of  a 


33 


different  design,  consisting  of  flags,  spears,  swords  and 
bows  and  arrows,  grouped  above  and  below  the  central 
shields  bearing  the  coats  of  arms.  The  spandrels 
between  these  panels  and  the  carved  arch  mouldings 
are  designed  to  receive  allegorical  figures.  A  large  and 
highly  decorated  keystone  marks  the  culmination  of 
the  arch  and  binds  it  to  the  architrave  of  the  main 
entablature,  and  this,  with  the  spirited  eagle  surmount- 
ing it  and  unfolding  its  wings  over  the  main  frieze  to 
the  extent  of  almost  eleven  feet,  may  be  considered 
the  centre  of  the  "  motif."  The  frieze  itself,  of  which 
the  eagle  on  either  facade  forms  the  central  figure,  is 
of  unusual  depth  and  is  very  elaborately  adorned  with 
wreaths  of  laurel  in  high  relief,  containing  twelve  large 
stars,  which,  with  that  on  the  keystone  of  the  south 
front,  represent  the  original  thirteen  States.  Between 
the  wreaths  and  the  lower  relief  are  sprays  of  oak  and 
laurel  crossed  and  enfolding  the  initial  letter  W.  The 
smaller  stars  represent  the  number  of  States  at  the 
time  of  erection.  The  frieze  and  the  bold  and  severely 
ornamented  cornice  above  it  dominate  the  rest  of  the 
construction,  including  even  the  attic  above,  which, 
though  massive  and  bearing  the  chief  inscriptions,  is 
kept  comparatively  in  subordination  to  the  main  en- 
tablature. The  inscription  incised  in  Roman  letters 
reads,  on  the  north  facade  :  "  To  commemorate  the  One 
Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Inauguration  of  George 
Washington  as  First  President  of  the  United  States," 
and  on  the  south  :  "  Let  us  raise  a  standard  to  which 


34 


the  wise  and  the  honest  can  repair  —  the  event  is  in 
the  hands  of  God." — Washington.  Another  inscription 
on  the  architrave  below  sets  forth  that  the  Arch  was 
"  Erected  by  the  People  of  the  City  of  New  York." 
On  the  eastern  and  western  panels  of  the  attic  are  the 
dates  1789  and  1889,  in  Roman  letters.  The  great 
vault,  which  rises  to  the  height  of  over  47  feet  above 
the  roadway,  is  ornamented  with  coffers  and  rosettes 
in  the  usual  Roman  manner. 

In  style  this  monument  is  distinctly  classic,  and 
by  this  term  is  meant  Roman  in  contradistinction  to 
the  less  robust,  more  fanciful,  and  more  "  personal " 
style  of  the  Renaissance.  Although  having  a  discreet 
flavor  of  its  own,  this  quality  has  been  kept  in  abey- 
ance to  the  conservatism  which  seems  proper  in  the 
design  of  a  structure  intended  to  stand  for  all  time 
and  to  outlast  any  local  or  passing  fashions.  When 
brought  in  close  comparison,  however,  with  the 
triumphal  arches  of  Rome  and  the  Roman  Empire, 
many  differences  are  to  be  noticed — that  of  the  size  of 
the  opening  being  the  most  striking,  though  not  the 
most  important.  No  Arch  of  antiquity  containing  but 
one  opening  has  a  span  as  great  as  that  at  New  York, 
the  nearest  approach  to  it  being  the  Arch  at  Aosta, 
which  has  a  span  of  about  29  feet  8  inches.  The 
Arch  at  Salonika  has  its  central  opening  36  feet  wide, 
which  is  the  largest  span  of  all  Roman  Triumphal 
Arches.  This,  however,  is  a  construction  with  three 
openings.      In  architectural  treatment  the  Washington 


35 


Arch  differs  from  its  classical  predecessors  in  being 
generally  lighter,  in  the  prominence  of  the  frieze,  in 
the  reduced  height  of  the  attic,  and  lastly,  and  most 
important,  in  the  absence  of  the  Orders.  Of  the  few 
remaining  Roman  examples  of  Arches  without  Orders, 
perhaps  the  best  known  is  that  of  Alcantra. 

The  following  are  the  dimensions  of  the  Washing- 
ton Arch  : 

Total  height  73  feet  6  inches. 

Total  width  56   "  10  " 

Width  of  piers  13   "    5  " 

Depth  of  piers  1 7   "  1  o  " 

Width  of  opening  30   "    o  " 

Height  of  opening  47   "    9  " 

STANFORD  WHITE. 

/  West  20th  St.,  New  York. 


36 


LAYING  THE  CORNER-STONE  OF  THE  ARCH, 
MAY  30,  1890. 

PROGRAMME. 

1.  Arrival  of  Memorial  Arch  Committee,  escorted  by 

the  First  Brigade,  N.  G.,  S.  N.  Y., 

Brigadier  General  Louis  Fitzgerald,  Commanding. 

2.  Prayer,       .       .    Right  Rev.  Henry  C.  Potter. 

3.  Hymn,      .      .     Robert  Underwood  Johnson. 

Arranged  from  Haydn. 
Chorus  conducted  by  Frank  H.  Damrosch. 

4.  Address,      ....  Henry  G.  Marouand, 

Chairman  of  the  Washington  Memorial  Arch  Committee. 

5.  Address,         ....     Waldo  Hutchins. 

6.  Address,      .      .       .    George  William  Curtis. 

7.  Laying  the  Corner-Stone,  .   by  John  W.  Vrooman} 

Grand  Master  of  Masons  in  the  State  of  New  York. 


8.    Hymn,  "America,"        ....  Chorus. 

37 


CEREMONIES. 


NDER  the  wide-spreading  branches  of  the  two  ven- 
erable elms  in  Washington  Square,  just  opposite 
the  entrance  to  Fifth  Avenue,  was  laid  the  corner-stone 
of  the  Washington  Memorial  Arch. 

Around  the  square  block  of  granite  were  grouped 
the  officers  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Masons  of  the  State 
of  New  York,  and  it  was  by  the  beautiful  ritual  of 
their  order  that  the  stone  was  laid. 

The  opening  of  the  exercises  followed  the  arrival 
in  Washington  Square  of  the  First  Brigade,  National 
Guard,  State  of  New  York,  which  acted  as  escort  to 
the  Arch  Committee  and  their  distinguished  guests. 

The  cheers  that  greeted  the  arrival  of  the  military 
were  repeated  with  spirited  cordiality  when  the  multi- 
tude caught  sight  of  ex-President  Cleveland  in  the  car- 
riage with  Chairman  Marquand,  Bishop  Potter  and 
George  William  Curtis.  Mr.  Cleveland  took  a  seat 
near  his  wife,  who,  with  ex-Secretary  and  Mrs.  Charles 
S.  Fairchild,  had  arrived  at  the  stand  a  few  minutes 
before.  Seated  near  the  speakers'  box,  were  Park  Com- 
missioners Waldo  Hutchins,  J.  Hampden  Robb  and  M. 
C.  Borden;  Samuel  D.  Babcock,  Lispenard  Stewart, 
Richard  Watson  Gilder,  Hjalmar  H.  Boyesen,  Robert 
W.  DeForest,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Butler  Duncan,  Senator 
McNaughton,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  F.  G.  Lee,  Mrs.  Paul  Dana, 


38 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  F.  S.  Witherbee,  Edward  N.  Tailer, 
Clarence  Buel,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  W.  Vrooman,  Whee- 
lock  H.  Parmelee,  of  Jersey  City,  and  George  McGowen, 
a  veteran  Mason  from  Palmyra. 

Soon  after  n  o'clock  Bishop  Potter  invoked  the 
Divine  blessing  upon  the  Arch,  and  the  following  hymn, 
specially  written  for  the  occasion  by  Robert  Underwood 
Johnson,  was  sung  by  members  of  the  Oratorio  Society, 
led  by  Frank  H.  Damrosch: 

HYMN. 

Composed  for  the  occasion  by 

Robert  Underwood  Johnson. 

Praise  to  Thee,  O  God  of  Freedom; 

Praise  to  Thee,  O  God  of  Law; 
Thee,  the  goal  of  Israel's  dreaming — 

Thee,  the  flame  that  Moses  saw. 
Light  of  every  patriot  dungeon, 

Home  of  exile,  hope  of  slave; 
Loved  by  just,  and  feared  by  tyrant, 

Comrade  of  the  true  and  brave. 

Would  we  pray  for  new  defenders, 

Thou  art  with  us,  e'er  we  call; 
Thou  wilt  find  new  ranks  of  heroes 

For  the  heroes  yet  to  fall. 
Back  we  look  across  the  ages, 

Forward  Thou  beyond  the  sun; 
Yet  no  greater  gift  we  ask  Thee 

Than  another  Washington. 


39 


Mr.  Henry  G.   Marquand,  Chairman,  then  spoke 

as  follows : 

ADDRESS  OF  MR.   HENRY  G.  MARQUAND, 

Chairman  of  the  Arch  Committee. 

"The  service  which  calls  us  together  to-day  signi- 
fies that  the  spark  of  patriotism  has  not  been  quenched 
in  New  York;  that,  amid  the  pressure  of  commercial 
activity  and  the  idolatry  of  money  in  our  times,  there 
are  thousands  who  can  turn  their  thoughts  to  the  past 
with  gratitude  and  unite  to  set  up  a  monument  which 
shall  be  historical  and  instructive  and  prove  a  proper 
expression  for  their  feeling  of  civic  pride. 

"It  signifies  also  the  beginning  of  a  new  and  pure 
taste  in  the  art  of  architecture.  It  signifies  that  it  is 
more  desirable  to  rely  on  a  popular  movement  in  useful 
and  educational  enterprise,  than  to  trust  the  impulses 
of  a  few  munificent  givers. 

"The  spot  has  been  aptly  chosen,  and  not  a  valid 
objection  can  be  urged  against  it.  It  is  true  some  one 
has  remarked  that  'the  neighborhood  in  a  few  years 
will  be  all  tenement  houses.'  Even  should  this  prove 
true,  no  stronger  reason  could  be  given  for  the  Arch 
being  placed  there.  Have  the  occupants  of  tenement 
houses  no  sense  of  beauty?  Have  they  no  patriotism? 
Have  they  no  right  to  good  architecture?  Happily 
there  is  no  monopoly  of  the  appreciation  of  things  that 
are  excellent  any  more  than  there  is  of  fresh  air,  and 


40 


it 


SETTING  THE  FIRST  BLOCK  OF  MARBLE. 


THE  EASTERLY  PIER  RISING  FROM  THE  PLATFORM. 


in  our  mind's  eye  we  can  see  many  a  family  who  can- 
not afford  to  spend  ten  cents  to  go  to  the  park,  taking 
great  pleasure  under  the  shadow  of  this  Arch. 

"This  is  the  Arch  of  peace  and  good-will  to  men. 
It  will  bring  the  rich  and  poor  together  in  one  com- 
mon bond  of  patriotic  feeling,  and  prove  a  poem  in 
stone  for  our  fellow-citizens,  for  all  time.  To  the  city 
authorities  and  the  Park  Commissioners  the  committee 
is  greatly  indebted  for  their  liberal  encouragement  and 
assistance  in  this  public  work." 

ADDRESS  OF  THE  HON.  WALDO  HUTCHINS. 

Hon.  Mr.  Hutchins,  responding  in  behalf  of  the 
Park  Board,  expressed  an  earnest  interest  in  the  Arch 
project.  He  said  that  the  structure  was  raised  to 
perpetuate  the  memory  of  the  first  step  in  the  great 
experiment,  momentous  to  mankind,  of  government  by 
the  people  and  for  the  people.  It  will  stand  forever  an 
arch  of  triumph — not  of  military  triumph  and  glory, 
but  of  an  undying  principle. 

"The  enemies  that  threaten  our  institutions  to-day," 
continued  Mr.  Hutchins,  "are  very  different  from  those 
uncouth  hordes  that  rushed  onward  beneath  Rome's 
arches.  But  are  they  the  less  dangerous  because  they 
are  enemies  already  within  our  gates?  It  means  much 
to  each  of  us  that  we,  to-day,  are  given  the  power  to 
shape  the  destinies  of  this  great  City,  State  and  Nation 
— aye,  the  destiny  of  mankind  for  endless  ages. 

"It  is  not  enough  that  we  vote  once  in  four  years, 


4! 


no,  nor  every  year.  It  is  not  enough  that  we  complain 
that  politics  are  corrupt  and  our  representatives  too 
often  incompetent  for  the  high  trust  reposed  in  them. 
We  must  change  all  this — aye,  and  quickly,  too — if  our 
Arch  is  to  look,  in  the  future,  upon  such  scenes  as 
crown  the  past  of  our  national  existence.  We  believe 
that  the  future  will  prove  as  bright  as  the  past,  but  it 
rests  with  us,  and  each  of  us,  to  say  whether  that  hope 
will  prove  but  an  ignis  fatnus,  or  a  certainty  as  solid 
and  enduring  as  this  stone  we  place  to  day." 

ADDRESS  BY  GEORGE  WILLIAM  CURTIS. 

The  introduction  of  Mr.  George  William  Curtis  as 
the  orator  of  the  day,  elicited  hearty  applause.  Fol- 
lowing is  the  text  of  his  address: 

This  is  a  day  of  proud  and  tender  memories.  "  With 
malice  toward  none,  and  charity  for  all,"  it  commem- 
orates the  triumph  of  American  patriotism  and  the 
assured  integrity  of  the  American  Union.  Its  associa- 
tions blend  naturally  with  those  of  the  Revolution. 
The  garlanded  graves  of  the  boys  in  blue  recall  the 
memory  of  the  old  Continentals.  When  a  soldier  of  New 
England,  in  the  war  for  the  Union,  was  marching 
through  New  York  to  the  front,  and  was  asked  from 
what  place  he  came,  still  keeping  step  to  the  drum-beat, 
he  answered,  "From  Bunker  Hill!  from  Bunker  Hill!" 
When  Theodore  Winthrop  fell,  we  said,  Joseph  Warren 
dies  again  for  his  country.  The  march  of  Sherman  to 
the  sea  echoes  the  tread  of  Ethan  Allen  marching  to 


42 


Ticonderoga  and  demanding  its  surrender,  as  Sherman 
would  have  demanded  it,  in  the  name  of  the  Great 
Jehovah  and  the  Continental  Congress.  To  hear  Paul 
Jones  on  his  shattered  ship,  answering  the  British  cap- 
tain's summons  to  yield,  by  shouting  that  he  had  not 
yet  begun  to  fight,  is  to  see  our  Farragut,  in  the  fiery 
storm  of  battle,  lashed  to  the  rigging  of  the  Hartford — 

"The  Sea  King  of  the  Sovereign  West, 
Who  made  his  mast  a  throne." 

We  cannot  speak  of  Grant,  at  Appomattox,  but  we 
remember  the  crowning  mercy  at  Yorktown.  We  can- 
not mention  Abraham  Lincoln,  but  we  think  of  George 
Washington. 

What  day  in  the  year  could  be  more  fitting  than 
the  day  consecrated  by  such  memories  on  which  to  lay 
the  corner-stone  of  a  monument  which  shall  recall  alike 
the  beginning  of  the  Union  and  the  glory  of  its  great- 
est citizen?  Never  before  could  this  duty  have  been 
performed  with  greater  joy  and  gratitude,  because  now 
the  National  Union,  the  great  result  of  the  Revolution, 
and  the  devotion  of  Washington,  has  been  tried  by 
fire,  and  its  dross  is  burned  away.  Whether  the  flowers 
fall  to-day  upon  the  graves  of  the  blue  or  the  gray, 
they  fall  on  the  dust  of  Americans.  As  nothing  but 
American  valor  could  have  hoped  successfully  to  assail 
the  Union,  so  nothing  but  American  valor  could  have 
maintained  it. 

Thank  God!  whatever  colors  we  may  have  worn 


43 


in  the  past,  to-day  the  sun  shines  upon  a  nation  which  is 
all  true  blue. 

new  york's  historic  renown. 

In  beginning  this  memorial  work,  if  New  York  is 
justly  proud,  she  does  not  forget  that  all  the  American 
cities  of  the  Revolution  have  their  distinctive  patriotic 
renown.  In  Boston  was  rocked  the  cradle  of  liberty. 
In  Philadelphia  independence  was  declared  and  the 
Constitution  adopted.  In  Baltimore  sat  the  Continental 
Congress,  when  it  was  driven  from  Philadelphia,  and 
in  Charleston  Harbor  the  great  fleet  of  Sir  Peter  Parker 
was  dispersed  and  destroyed.  But  New  York  was  the 
scene  of  the  last  act  of  the  Revolution,  and  of  the  open- 
ing drama  of  Constitutional  Union.  In  New  York  the 
flag  of  England  was  lowered.  From  these  shores  the 
proud  sovereignty  of  Great  Britain  sailed  away.  Here 
the  first  Congress  of  the  United  States  assembled. 
Here  the  first  President  was  inaugurated,  and  here  the 
National  Government  of  the  Union  began. 

From  the  day — two  hundred  and  eighty-one  years 
ago — when  Hendrik  Hudson  first  saw  the  island  on 
which  the  city  stands,  to  the  present  hour,  these  closely 
related  events  are  by  far  the  greatest  and  most  mo- 
mentous in  the  annals  of  New  York.  Until  now  the 
part  taken  in  them  by  the  city  has  wanted  a  monu- 
ment. Henceforth  the  monument  that  we  raise  will 
tell  the  glorious  storj-. 

In  older  lands  monumental  arches  and  columns  of 
victory  celebrate  territorial  conquest,  personal  ambition 


44 


and  the  armed  march  of  empire.  But  in  this  younger 
land  of  liberty  and  law,  where  the  army  is  but  a 
policeman  and  the  navy  a  watchman  of  the  coast,  we 
build  an  arch  of  peace,  the  symbol  of  the  Republic  in 
which  the  guaranteed  right  of  every  citizen  is  the 
security  of  the  Commonwealth,  and  whose  first  Chief 
Magistrate  is  the  perpetual  illustration  and  inspiration 
of  American  citizenship.  It  is  him  especially,  the 
dominating  figure  of  his  time,  the  individual  personal 
force  that  has  so  largely  molded  our  history — him  who 
refused  the  crown  and  made  the  Constitution  live  and 
move,  who  found  his  country  a  cluster  of  dependent 
colonies  and  left  it  an  independent  nation,  that  this 
monument  especially  commemorates. 

That  in  the  perilous  tumult  of  the  time,  the 
jealous  clash  of  doubtful  communities,  and  the  hot 
conflict  of  selfish  interests  and  passions,  the  Constitu- 
tion should  have  been  harmoniously  drawn  and  peace- 
fully ratified,  was  in  itself  a  miracle.  Against  proba- 
bility, despite  apprehension,  beyond  hope,  so  much  was 
achieved.  But  still  the  great  question  remained.  There 
was  the  potential  nation,  the  aspirations  of  liberty,  the 
hopes  of  humanity  hidden  within  it.  There  lay  the 
statue  completely  wrought.  Should  it  lie  there  like 
those  huge  Egyptian  columns  that  were  quarried  but 
never  raised  ?  Who  should  touch  it  with  the  vital 
spark  ?  Where  was  the  personal  power,  so  sovereign, 
so  calm,  so  pure,  so  acknowledged  that,  like  the  blessed 
might  which  stilled  the  raging  waters  of  the  sea,  it 


45 


should  pacify  the  weltering  passions  of  a  continent  and, 
raising  the  motionless  form  of  the  nation,  send  it,  alive, 
indomitable,  resistless,  upon  its  radiant  and  beneficent 

way  ? 

Washington's  service  to  mankind. 
We  always  gladly  concede  that  Washington  was 
good,  but  we  are  not  always  so  sure  that  he  was  great. 
But  a  man's  greatness  is  measured  by  his  service  to 
mankind.  If  without  ambition  and  without  a  crime, 
righteously  to  lead  a  people  to  independence  through  a 
righteous  war ;  then,  without  precedent  and  amid  vast 
and  incalculable  hostile  forces  to  organize  their  govern- 
ment and  establish  in  every  department  the  fundamental 
principles  of  the  policy  which  has  resulted  in  marvelous 
national  power  and  prosperity  and  untold  services  to 
liberty  throughout  the  world,  and  to  do  all  this  without 
suspicion  or  reproach,  with  perfect  dignity  and  sublime 
repose — if  this  be  greatness,  do  you  find  it  more  in 
Alexander  or  Pericles,  Caesar  or  Alfred,  in  Charlemagne 
or  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  or  in  George  Washington  ? 
As  this  majestic  arch  will  stand  here  through  the  long 
succession  of  years  in  the  all-revealing  light  of  day, 
visible  at  every  point  and  at  every  point  exquisitely 
rounded  and  complete,  so  in  the  searching  light  of 
history  stands  Washington,  strong,  simple,  symmetrical, 
supreme,  beloved  by  a  filial  nation,  revered  by  a  grateful 
world. 

To  the  memory  of  such  a  character  and  of  such 
events  we  dedicate  this  monument.    But,  fellow-citizens, 


46 


to  what  does  this  monument  dedicate  us?  Arching 
this  thronged  highway  of  the  city,  bending  in  silent 
benediction  over  the  ceaseless  flood  of  multitudinous 
life  which  pours  beneath,  what  will  it  say  to  the  endless 
procession  of  Washington's  fellow-countrymen  ?  What 
is  the  voice  which,  by  erecting  this  monument,  we  make 
our  own  ?  In  his  eulogy  upon  Washington,  Gouverneur 
Morris  said,  that  as  the  Constitutional  Convention  was 
about  to  organize,  when  success  seemed  hopeless  and 
despair  suggested  fatal  compromise,  Washington  said : 
'  If  to  please  the  people  we  offer  what  we  ourselves 
disapprove,  how  can  we  afterward  defend  our  work  ? 
Let  us  raise  a  standard  to  which  the  wise  and  honest 
can  repair — the  event  is  in  the  hands  of  God.' 

There  spoke  the  good  genius  of  America.  If  any 
words  were  to  be  inscribed  upon  this  arch,  these  words 
of  Washington  would  be  apples  of  gold  in  pictures  of 
silver. 

What  he  said  to  the  convention  he  says  to  us. 
It  is  the  voice  of  the  heroic  spirit  which  in  council  and 
in  the  field  has  made  and  alone  will  preserve  our 
America.  It  is  the  voice  that  will  speak  from  this 
memorial  arch  to  all  coming  generations  of  Americans. 

Whatever  may  betide,  whatever  war,  foreign  or 
domestic,  may  threaten,  whatever  specious  sophistry 
may  assail  the  political  conscience  of  the  country,  or 
bribery  of  place  or  money  corrupt  its  political  action, 
above  the  roar  of  the  mob  and  the  insidious  clamor  of 
the  demagogue,  the  voice  of  Washington  will  still  be 


47 


the  voice  of  American  patriotism  and  manly  honor — 
"  Let  us  raise  a  standard  to  which  the  wise  and  honest 
can  repair — the  event  is  in  the  hands  of  God !  " 

THE   MASONIC  CEREMONY. 

At  the  close  of  Mr.  Curtis's  address,  the  direction 
of  the  further  ceremonies  was  turned  over  by  Chairman 
Marquand  to  John  W.  Vrooman,  Grand  Master  of 
Masons  in  the  State  of  New  York,  who  formally  pro- 
claimed that  the  corner-stone  of  the  Arch  would  then 
and  there  be  laid  in  accordance  with  the  ancient  rites 
of  Masonry. 

Mr.  Marquand  thereupon  presented  the  Grand 
Master  with  a  beautiful  silver  trowel  suitably  inscribed. 
The  following  officers  of  the  Grand  Lodge  then  took 
their  places  around  the  stone:  John  W.  Vrooman, 
Grand  Master;  William  Sherer,  Deputy  Grand  Master; 
F.  A.  Burnham,  Senior  Grand  Warden;  E.  B.  Harper, 
Junior  Grand  Warden;  John  J.  Gorman,  Grand  Treas- 
urer; E.  M.  L.  Ehlers,  Grand  Secretary;  F.  W.  Morris, 
Senior  Grand  Deacon;  Edward  B.  Price,  Junior  Grand 
Deacon;  William  W.  Wallace,  Grand  Sword  Bearer; 
John  G.  Janeway,  Grand  Standard  Bearer;  William  C. 
Prescott,  Grand  Marshal. 

The  Rev.  Robert  Collyer,  Grand  Chaplain,  then 
arose  in  the  speakers'  box,  and  lifting  into  plain  sight 
of  the  multitude,  a  large  open  book,  explained  that  he 
held  in  his  hand  the  Bible  upon  which  George  Wash- 
ington took  the  oath  of  office  as  the  first  President  of 


48 


the  United  States.  The  book  was  then,  and  is  now, 
the  property  of  St.  John's  Lodge  of  Masons  in  this 
city.  "It  was  upon  this  page,"  said  the  white-haired 
clergyman,  glancing  down  upon  the  open  book,  "that 
Washington  is  said  to  have  placed  his  hand  while  tak- 
ing that  historic  oath.  It  contains  portions  of  the  forty- 
ninth  and  fiftieth  chapters  of  the  Book  of  Genesis." 
Dr.  Collyer  read  a  few  verses  from  those  chapters  and 
then  uttered  a  brief  prayer. 

The  Masonic  ritual  proceeded.  The  small  copper 
box,  with  its  collection  of  medals  and  coins  and  the 
records  of  the  event  commemorated,  stood  ready  to  be 
deposited  in  the  heart  of  the  great  granite  block. 

Grand  Treasurer  Gorman  announced  the  contents 
of  the  copper  box  to  be  deposited  in  the  stone  as 
follows : 

The  St.  Gaudens  Washington  Centennial  medal,  bear- 
ing the  date  May  30,  1889. 

A  Souvenir  of  the  Washington  Centennial  celebration 
of  1889,  with  designs  by  Blashfield  and  Low. 

A  Catalogue  of  the  Centennial  Loan  Exhibition,  1889, 
with  portraits  and  relics. 

A  Souvenir  of  the  Committee  on  States  of  the  Cen- 
tennial celebration. 

Invitations,  tickets  and  circulars  of  the  various 
committees  on  the  Centennial  celebration  of  1889. 

Silver,  nickel  and  copper  United  States  coins  of 
1889. 

A  United  States  silver  coin  of  1799. 


49 


A    Souvenir    of    the    Centennial    Judiciary  banquet, 
1889. 

A    copy  of  the    Constitution    of  the    Society    of  the 

Sons  of  the  Revolution. 
A  copy  of  the  Constitution  of  the  St.  Nicholas  Club. 
The  directory  of  the  New  York  Board  of  Education. 
A  list  of  the  officers  of  the  Grand  Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M., 

of  the  State  of  New  York. 
A  subscription    blank  for   the   Washington  Memorial 

Arch. 

Newspapers  of  New  York  of  the  mornings  of  April  27th 

and  29th,  1889,  and  May  29th  and  30th,  1890. 
The  personal  card  of  William  Rhinelauder  Stewart,  the 

leading  promoter  of  the  Arch  project. 
The  cards  of  the  reporters  present. 
A  silver  Dollar  sent  by  Vice-President  Morton. 

The  Grand  Treasurer  further  stated  that  one  coin, 
a  silver  Dollar,  and  the  autographs  of  President  Harri- 
son and  Vice-President  Morton,  contributed  by  a  lady, 
had  been  received  after  the  box  was  sealed,  and  there- 
fore would  be  placed  in  the  aperture  beneath  the  box. 

The  usual  test  was  then  applied,  the  box  was 
inserted  in  the  aperture  provided  for  it,  and  the 
heavy  stone  was  lowered  into  its  bed  of  mortar. 

The  impressive  test  and  consecration  of  the  corner, 
stone  followed.  Stanford  White,  the  designer  and 
architect  of  the  Memorial  Arch,  handed  to  Grand  Mas- 
ter Vrooman  the  implements  of  his  Craft — the  square, 
the  level  and  the  plumb.    Each  implement  was  applied 

50 


to  the  stone  by  the  proper  officer  of  the  Grand  Lodge, 
and  the  stone  was  reported  to  be  of  proper  form. 

The  golden  horn  was  then  produced  and  Deputy 
Grand  Master  Sherer  poured  upon  the  imbedded  stone 
a  bit  of  ground  corn,  emblematic  of  goodness  and  plenty. 
Wine  and  oil  from  the  silver  chalices  were  next  poured 
upon  the  stone  to  symbolize  joy  and  peace.  The  formal 
surrendering  of  the  stock  into  the  keeping  of  the 
architect  ended  the  ceremonies. 

Grand  Master  Vrooman  then  delivered  the  following 
address : 

ADDRESS  BY  JOHN  W.  VROOMAN, 

Grand  Master  of  Masons  in  the  State  of  New  York. 

Among  these  illustrious  patrons,  the  revered  and 
honored  name  of  Washington  appears  upon  the  page 
of  history  as  the  ideal  man  and  Mason. 

I  will  briefly  refer  to  him  as  a  member  of  our 
Fraternity,  leaving  his  civil  and  military  career  to  the 
distinguished  orators  of  the  day. 

Official  records  inform  us  that  Washington  was 
made  a  Mason  in  Fredericksburg  Lodge,  No.  4,  on  the 
4th  day  of  November,  1752,  at  the  "mature  age"  of 
twenty  years,  while  serving  as  an  adjutant-general  in 
the  British  Army.  He  was  chosen  some  years  after 
Worshipful  Master  of  Alexandria  Lodge,  No.  22,  receiv- 
ing his  commission  from  Grand  Master  Edmund  Ran- 
dolph, Governor  of  Virginia.  The  active  military  life 
of  Washington  as  Commander-in-Chief  seemed  to  inspire 

5i 


active  Masonic  labor.  He  encouraged  military  lodges 
and  frequently  participated  in  their  work.  It  was  upon 
one  of  these  occasions  that  he  made  General  Lafayette 
a  Freemason. 

The  Grand  Lodge  of  Virginia  in  the  early  days 
of  its  organization  elected  Washington  as  its  Grand 
Master ;  not  being  eligible  at  the  time,  he  was  com- 
pelled to  decline  the  honor. 

If  time  would  permit  we  would  gladly  recall  his 
unceasing  love  and  loyalty  to  the  Craft,  as  evidenced 
by  his  Masonic  visitations,  letters  and  addresses. 

On  the  1 8th  day  of  September,  1793,  George 
Washington,  President  of  the  United  States,  acting  as 
Grand  Master,  laid,  with  appropriate  Masonic  ceremonies, 
the  corner-stone  of  the  Capitol  of  this  great  Republic. 

On  the  4th  day  of  July,  1848,  the  Grand  Master 
of  Masons  of  the  District  of  Columbia  laid  the  corner- 
stone of  that  mighty  monument  at  Washington  which 
is  the  wonder  and  admiration  of  a  civilized  world;  and 
on  the  21st  day  of  February,  1885,  it  was  dedicated  by 
the  Grand  Master  of  that  jurisdiction,  in  presence  of 
the  President  and  Congress  of  the  United  States. 

It  is,  therefore,  most  fitting  that  the  corner-stone  of 
this  Washington  Memorial  Arch  should  be  laid  with 
Masonic  ceremonies,  thus  following  a  long  line  of  pre- 
cedents, and  affording  the  Fraternity  an  opportunity 
to  once  more  give  public  evidence  of  their  loving 
remembrance  of  a  distinguished  brother,  and  of  their 
"loyalty  to  the  government  in  which  they  live." 


52 


The  ceremony  before  us — the  erection  of  this  mon- 
umental arch  as  an  enduring  token  of  the  lasting 
memory  of  an  appreciative  and  affectionate  people — 
vividly  recalls  the  wonderful  Centennial  celebration  of 
a  year  ago,  which  made  this  occasion  possible. 

The  Masonic  Brotherhood  of  the  Empire  State  was 
deeply  interested  in  that  great  demonstration — doubly 
interested  because  the  central  figures  in  that  historic 
inauguration  were  in  the  forefront  of  our  beloved  Insti- 
tution, and  among  the  most  talented  and  illustrious 
men  and  Masons  of  that  or  any  other  age. 

There  stood  George  Washington,  the  pride  of  his 
countrymen,  the  beloved  of  his  brethren,  awaiting  the 
oath  of  office. 

Then  appeared  Robert  R.  Livingston,  the  Grand 
Master  of  Masons  in  the  State  of  New  York,  who,  as 
Chancellor  of  this  State,  administered  the  oath  of  office 
to  Washington.  Most  Worshipful  Brother  Livingston 
was  one  of  the  ablest  statesmen  and  jurists  this  country 
ever  produced,  and  our  honored  Grand  Master  for  six- 
teen years. 

A  valuable  aid  in  furthering  the  success  of  that 
inauguration  day  was  Jacob  Morton,  Chief  of  Staff,  who 
was  at  the  time  Grand  Secretary  of  the  Grand  Lodge 
of  New  York.  Most  Worshipful  Brother  Morton,  a 
brave  and  accomplished  military  officer  during  the  Rev- 
olution, held  the  office  of  Grand  Master  for  five  years. 

Standing  there  as  witnesses  to  the  impressive 
inauguration  of  the  first  President  were  many  of  the 


53 


signers  of  the  immortal  Declaration  of  Independence. 
Do  yon  wonder  that  the  Declaration  proclaimed  Freedom 
when  yon  consider  the  great  fact  that  fifty-two  of  the 
fifty-six  signers  were  Freemasons? 

A  worthy  successor  to  the  honors  of  the  Brethren 
jnst  mentioned  was  found  in  the  person  of  DeWitt 
Clinton,  one  of  the  renowned  Governors  of  this  State, 
who  held  the  office  of  Grand  Master  for  fourteen  years. 

During  the  war  of  1812,  DeWitt  Clinton,  Grand 
Master  of  Masons,  convened  a  Grand  Lodge  of  Emer- 
gency on  the  first  day  of  September,  18 14,  in  this  city, 
for  the  sole  purpose  of  volunteering  for  Government 
duty,  and  the  Brethren  under  his  leadership  "were 
assigned  by  the  Committee  of  Defence  for  receiving 
the  services  of  the  Craft  on  the  fortifications  at  Brook- 
lyn, pursuant  to  resolution,  and  they  diligently  labored 
through  the  day."  One  week  later  they  again  volun- 
teered their  services  "on  the  fortifications  erecting  on 
Brooklyn  Heights,  and  more  especially  there  as  one  of 
the  forts  had,  in  honor  of  the  Craft,  been  called  Fort 
Masonic." 

The  history  of  Freemasonry  in  this  State  is  there- 
fore coeval  with  the  history  of  our  National  Government 

Then,  as  now,  Freemasons  obeyed  the  teachings 
"to  be  true  to  your  Government  and  just  to  your 
country,  yielding  obedience  to  the  laws  which  afford 
you  protection." 

The  wise  and  patriotic  administration  of  Grand 
Master  Clinton  was  followed  by  Daniel  D.  Tompkins, 


54 


Governor  of  this  State,  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States,  and  also  the  honored  Grand  Master  of  Masons 
for  several  years. 

These  and  other  eminent  Craftsmen,  leaders  in 
civil  as  well  as  Masonic  affairs,  inspired  confidence  in 
the  plan  and  pnrpose  of  onr  Institution,  elevated  its 
character,  developing  its  growth  and  usefulness  to  such 
an  extent,  that  at  the  present  time  it  commands  the 
respect  and  admiration  of  all  mankind. 

Permit  me,  in  passing,  to  make  brief  allusion  to 
another  matter  of  historic  interest.  The  Holy  Bible 
borne  to-day  in  the  Grand  Lodge  procession,  and  now 
before  you,  is  the  property  of  St.  John's  Lodge,  No.  i, 
A.  Y.  M.,  of  the  city  of  New  York,  and  has  been  jeal- 
ously guarded  by  that  noble  band  of  brethren  for  more 
than  one  hundred  years.  Upon  this  sacred  volume 
George  Washington  took  the  oath  of  office  as  first 
President  of  this  Nation. 

It  is  a  part  of  our  unwritten  history  that  as  the 
moment  approached  for  the  oath  to  be  administered  no 
Bible  was  at  hand,  nor  could  one  be  secured  in  the 
building.  Chancellor  Robert  R.  Livingston,  as  Grand 
Master,  knew  that  every  Masonic  lodge-room  contained 
a  copy  of  the  Holy  Scriptures.  He  remembered  that 
the  Chief  of  Staff,  Jacob  Morton,  was  Worshipful 
Master  of  St.  John's  Lodge,  No.  i,  and  that  the  lodge- 
room  was  near  by.  A  word  to  Morton;  a  hastening 
to  the  lodge-room ;  a  return  with  the  Holy  Bible ;  and 
without   seeming   delay   the  oath  was  taken.  Thank 


55 


God  that  the  Great  Light  in  Masonry  must  always 
have  honorable  place  in  every  lodge-room! 

One  more  brief  allusion  to  a  matter  of  similar 
interest.  This  medallion,  accompanied  by  an  autograph 
letter  (the  property  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  New  York), 
is  said  to  possess  the  best  likeness  of  Washington  now 
in  existence;  it  also  contains  a  lock  of  his  hair,  and 
was  presented  by  him  in  June,  1783,  to  Major  Billings, 
a  member  of  his  staff.  At  that  time  Major  Billings 
was  Worshipful  Master  of  a  lodge  located  at  or  near 
Newburgh  and  had  frequently  received  General  Wash- 
ington as  a  visitor. 

A  gavel,  which  I  had  hoped  to  use  upon  this  eventful 
occasion,  but  an  unforseen  circumstance  has  prevented, 
was  expressly  prepared  for  presentation  to  Washington, 
used  by  him  as  President,  and  also  as  acting  Grand 
Master  of  Masons  in  laying  the  corner-stone  of  the 
Capitol  of  the  United  States. 

After  the  ceremonies  he  presented  it  to  Potomac 
Lodge,  No.  9,  F.  and  A.  M.,  District  of  Columbia,  and 
it  has  been  carefully  guarded  by  that  lodge  as  a 
precious  treasure  since  that  time. 

It  was  used  by  the  Grand  Master  in  laying  the 
corner-stone  of  the  great  monument  at  Washington ; 
also  at  tbe  laying  of  the  corner-stone  and  dedication  of 
the  equestrian  statue  of  Washington  at  the  National 
Capital.  It  was  likewise  used  at  the  laying  of  the 
corner-stone  of  the  Yorktown  Monument,  and  upon  many 
other   occasions  in  laying  tbe  corner-stones  of  public 


56 


buildings  and  monuments  in  several  States  of  the  Union. 

Fitting  it  would  be  to  make  the  present  ceremony 
the  more  interesting  and  memorable  by  using  that 
emblem  of  authority  once  wielded  by  him  whose  mem- 
ory we  hold  sacred  and  this  day  further  perpetuate. 

There  are  now  in  existence  twelve  different  medals 
which  were  struck,  in  the  early  days  of  the  Republic, 
to  commemorate  the  Masonic  virtues  of  Washington. 

At  the  close  of  his  earthly  labors,  the  lodge  over 
which  he  presided  as  its  first  Master  buried  him  with 
Masonic  honors. 

I  now  conclude  this  hasty  sketch  by  strongly  com- 
mending to  the  Craft  the  following  beautiful  words  of 
Washington,  spoken  while  President  of  the  United 
States. 

Replying  to  an  address  from  some  Rhode  Island 
Brethren,  he  said:  "Being  persuaded  that  a  just  appli- 
cation of  the  principles  on  which  the  Masonic  Fraternity 
is  founded  must  be  promotive  of  private  virtue  and 
public  prosperity,  I  shall  always  be  happy  to  advance 
the  interests  of  the  Society,  and  to  be  considered  by 
them  as  a  deserving  brother." 

To  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Massachusetts  he  said: 
"To  enlarge  the  sphere  of  social  happiness  is  worthy 
the  benevolent  design  of  a  Masonic  institution,  and  it  is 
most  fervently  to  be  wished  that  the  conduct  of  every 
member  of  the  Fraternity,  as  well  as  those  publications 
that  discover  the  principles  which  actuate  them,  may 
tend   to  convince   mankind   that   the   great  object  of 


57 


Masonry  is  to  promote  the  happiness  of  the  human 
race." 

We  are  assembled  here  to-day  in  the  presence  of 
this  vast  audience  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  a  man 
who  left  on  record  such  inspired  words  of  wisdom,  and 
while  we  build  this  Memorial  Arch,  which,  we  pray 
God,  may  be  as  enduring  as  the  granite  itself,  we 
nevertheless  firmly  believe  that  the  greater  monument 
of  Washington's  pure  life,  valiant  deeds,  and  fraternal 
advice  will  be  erected  in  the  hearts  of  a  grateful  people, 
to  remain  spotless  and  perfect  forever. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  Grand  Master's  address, 
the  Grand  Marshal  presented  architect  White  to  the 
Grand  Master,  and  the  latter  formally  pronounced  the 
corner-stone  laid. 

The  exercises  closed  with  the  singing  of  "  America" 
by  the  chorus,  all  the  spectators  joining  in  the  air, 
and  after  the  benediction  the  company  dispersed. 


5» 


DEDICATION  CEREMONIES 

HELD  MAY  4,  1895, 

TO    CELEBRATE    THE    STRUCTURAL    COMPLETION    OF  THE 

WASHINGTON  ARCH, 

And  for  its  Transfer  to  the  City  of  New  York  by  the 
Committee  Formed  in  1889  for  its  Erection. 


These  Ceremonies,  which  were  to  have  taken  place  April  2gth,  were  deferred 
until  May  4th,  on  account  of  inclement  weather. 


COMMITTEE  ON  ARRANGEMENTS. 

Henry  G.  Marquand,  Chairman. 
William  R.  Stewart,  Sec'y,         Gen.  Louis  Fitzgerald, 
Richard  W.  Gilder,  Charles  Stewart  Smith. 


AIDS  ON  THE  OCCASION. 

Stanford  White,  Charles  H.  Russell, 

Lispenard  Stewart,  Clarence  W.  Bowen. 


59 


HE  ceremonies  on  the  stand  began  upon  the 
arrival  of  Governor  Morton,  who  was  escorted  to 
the  Arch  in  Washington  Square  by  the  First  Brigade 
of  the  National  Guard,  and  by  the  Naval  Reserve. 
The  Governor  arrived  at  3.45  p.m. 

I.  The  Right  Reverend  Henry  C.  Potter,  Bishop 
of  New  York,  delivered  the  invocation. 

II.  General  Horace  Porter  made  the  oration. 

III.  Mr.  Henry  G.  Marquand,  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Erection  of  the  Washington  Arch,  deliv- 
ered a  brief  address. 

IV.  Mr.  William  R.  Stewart,  Treasurer  of  the 
Committee,  011  its  behalf,  gave  the  key  of  the  Arch  to 
His  Honor  William  L.  Strong,  Mayor  of  the  City  of 
New  York. 

V.  Mayor  Strong  delivered  the  key  to  Mr.  David 
H.  King,  Jr.,  President  of  the  Department  of  Public 
Parks,  which  Department  of  the  City  Government 
thenceforward  became  responsible  for  the  care  of  the 
monument. 

VI.  The  Defile  of  the  Troops  .  Passing  between 
the  stands,  the  troops  gave  a  marching  salute  to  the 
Governor,  and  passed  under  the  span  of  the  Arch  in 
the  following  order: 

60 


THE  NATIONAL  GUARD. 


COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF, 
LEVI  P.  MORTON,  Governor  of  the  State. 

STAFF. 

Major-General  Edwin  Augustus  McAlpin,  Adjutant-General. 
Brigadier-General  Marshall  Orlando  Terry,  Surgeon-General. 
Brigadier-General  Edmund  Hayes,  Chief  of  Engineers. 
Brigadier-General  Frederick  Charles  McLewee,  Inspector-General. 
Brigadier-General  Benjamin  Morris  Whitlock,  General  Inspector  of 
Rifle  Practice. 

Brigadier-General  James  M.  Varnum,  Paymaster-General. 
Brigadier-General  Benjamin  Flagler,  Chief  of  Ordnance. 
Brigadier-General  William  Copeland  Wallace,  Judge- Advocate-General. 
Brigadier-General  Howard  Carroll,  Chief  of  Artillery. 
Brigadier-General  William  Sherman  Crawford  Wiley,  Quartermaster- 
General. 

Brigadier-General  Edward  Charles  O'Brien,  Commissary-General  of 

Subsistence. 
Colonel  Archibald  Rogers,  Aide-de-Camp. 
Colonel  Herbert  Livingston  Satterlee,  Aide-de-Camp. 
Colonel  Charles  Francis  James,  Aide-de-Camp. 
Colonel  John  Jacob  Astor,  Aide-de-Camp. 
Colonel  George  Bliss  Agnew,  Aide-de-Camp. 
Colonel  George  Walter  Turner,  Aide-de-Camp. 
Colonel  Selden  Erastus  Marvin,  Jr.,  Military  Secretary. 


61 


ESCORT   TO   THE  COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF. 

Squadron  "  A,"  Major  Charles  F.  Roe,  Commanding. 
Brioadier-Gen'l  LOUIS  FITZGERALD,  Commanding  the  Brigade. 

STAFF. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Stephen  H.  Olin,  Assistant  Adjutant-General. 

Major  C.  Lawrence  Perkins,  Commissary  of  Subsistence. 

Major  Robert  V.  McKim,  Surgeon. 

Major  Paul  Dana,  Ordnance  Officer. 

Major  Auguste  P.  Montant,  Inspector. 

Major  David  Crocker,  Inspector  of  Rifle  Practice. 

Major  Henry  Sayre  Van  Duzer,  Judge  Advocate. 

Major  Avery  De  Lano  Andrews,  Engineer. 

Major  Francis  Randall  Appleton,  Quartermaster. 

Captain  William  Emlen  Roosevelt,  Aide-de-Camp. 

Captain  Oliver  Harriman,  Jr.,  Aide-de-Camp. 

Escort,  Signal  Corps,  First  Brigade. 

FIRST  BRIGADE. 

1.  Ninth  Regiment,     .       .     Colonel  William  Seward,  Commanding. 

2.  Twenty-Second  Regiment,  .  Colonel  John  T.  Camp,  Commanding. 

3.  Seventh  Regiment,  .       .    Colonel  Daniel  Appleton,  Commanding. 

4.  Twelfth  Regiment,      .       .    Colonel  Heman  Dowd,  Commanding. 

5.  Seventy- First  Regiment,   Colonel  Francis  V.  Greene,  Commanding. 

6.  Eighth  Battalion,     .       .     Major  Henry  Chauncey,  Commanding. 

7.  Sixty-Ninth  Battalion,  Lieut.-Col.  Geo.  Moore  Smith,  Commanding. 

8.  First  Battery,      .       .       .    Captain  Louis  Wendel,  Commanding. 

9.  Second  Battery,      .       .        Captain  David  Wilson,  Commanding. 


NAVAL   RESERVE  BATTALION. 
Commander  J.  W.  Miller,    .       .  Commanding. 

62 


TRANSFERRED  TO  THE  CITY. 


DEDICATION  OF  THE  ARCH, 
MAY  4TH,  1895. 


THE  CEREMONIES  WITNESSED  BY  GREAT  CROWDS  OF  PEOPLE. 


An  Imposing  Military  Pageant  Escorts  the  Governor  Down  Fifth  Avenue  to 
the  Square — Speeches  at  the  Arch  by  General  Porter,  Mr.  Marquand  and 
others — Mayor  Strong's  Tribute  to  Mr.  Rhinelander  Stewart — Review  of 
the  Troops  afterwards. 

ARCHING  regiments  and  blaring  bands,  ringing 
speeches  and  cheering  crowds,  high  officials  and 
glittering  escorts,  the  silent  majesty  of  the  superb 
structure  to  whose  honor  all  these  things  were,  and 
high  above  all  the  Stars  and  Stripes  hanging  in  mid- 
air, looking  as  if  blazoned  on  the  sky — that  is  the 
story  of  the  dedication  of  the  Washington  Arch. 

The  magnificent  spring  weather  brought  the  spec- 
tators out  in  limitless  multitude,  who  filled  Fifth 
Avenue  and  Washington  Square,  and  the  thoroughfares 
leading  to  it.  The  great  amphitheatre  formed  by  the 
stands  that  circled  around  the  arch  was  one  expanse  of 
upturned  faces  during  the  delivery  of  the  speeches. 
Every  window  and  balcony  and  housetop  on  North 
Washington  Square  had  its  occupants.     Even  the  tall 


63 


new  office  building  on  the  old  university  site  had  its 
fringe  of  people  overlooking  the  cornice  from  beneath 
which  the  carved  motto  "  Perstando  et  Praestando  Mili- 
tate" contributed  its  share  to  the  didactic  influences  of 
the  day.  Flags  swung  from  every  building.  The 
grass  and  trees  in  the  park  had  on  their  holiday  tints 
of  most  vivid  green,  and  the  brilliancy  of  the  costumes 
with  which  the  fairer  portion  of  the  assemblage  had 
decked  themselves  added  to  the  gayety  of  the  scene. 

FORMING  THE  PARADE. 

While  the  crowds  at  the  square  waited  there  was 
the  bustle  of  preparation  further  up  the  avenue.  With 
military  promptness  the  regiments  of  the  First  Brigade 
were  all  in  line  by  the  appointed  time,  2.30  o'clock. 
The  white-coated  Twenty-second  Regiment  was  the  last 
to  march  down  from  its  armory  in  the  Boulevard,  with 
its  magnificent  band  in  full  blare,  and  take  its  place 
in  the  line.  Beginning  at  Fifty-first  Street  the  order  of 
formation  was  as  follows,  each  regiment  forming  with 
its  right  on  the  street  named : 

Ninth  Regiment,  Fifty-first  Street ;  Twenty-second 
Regiment,  Fifty-fourth  Street ;  Seventh  Regiment,  Fifty- 
seventh  Street ;  Twelfth  Regiment,  Sixty-first  Street ; 
Seventy-first  Regiment,  Sixty-fourth  Street ;  Sixty-ninth 
Battalion,  Sixty-sixth  Street;  Eighth  Battalion,  Sixty- 
seventh  Street ;  First  Battery,  Sixty-ninth  Street  ; 
Second  Battery,  Seventieth  Street  ;  First  Naval  Bat- 
talion, Seventy-first  street. 


64 


T'.E  FIRST  ROW  OF  SOFFITS. 


TWO  ROWS  OF  SOFFITS. 


Before  the  arrival  of  the  troops  the  Governor's 
Staff  had  ridden  up  from  their  quarters  at  the  Waldorf, 
and,  with  Squadron  A,  had  formed  in  Forty-third  Street, 
opposite  to  the  Hotel  Renaissance.  Promptly  at  2.30 
o'clock  Governor  Morton  came  out  of  the  hotel  and 
entered  an  open  barouche  provided  for  him.  With 
him  in  the  carriage  was  his  military  secretary,  Colonel 
Selden  E.  Marvin.  On  the  box  with  the  coachman 
was  a  uniformed  guard  with  drawn  sword.  Squadron 
A  was  out  in  force.  The  long  column  of  troopers 
made  an  imposing  showing.  The  antics  of  their 
horses  afforded  amusement  to  the  crowds,  but  did  not 
seem  to  interest  the  troopers.  Followed  by  General 
Fitzgerald  and  Sta#",  who  were  escorted  by  the  Signal 
Corps,  the  Governor  rode  along  the  line  of  troops  to 
Seventy-second  Street.  The  regimental  bands  greeted 
the  reviewing  party  with  "Hail  to  the  Chief"  as  the 
cavalcade  approached.  When  the  Governor  had  passed 
each  regiment  moved  from  the  west  to  the  east  side 
of  the  avenue  and  the  reviewing  party  came  down  the 
avenue  behind  the  lines. 

Governor  Morton,  preceded  by  his  special  escort, 
Squadron  A,  and  followed  by  the  whole  First  Brigade, 
then  rode  down  the  avenue  between  crowds  of  cheering 
people  to  Washington  Square,  where  the  big  turkey-red 
stands  were  full  of  waiting  people,  and  300  policemen 
were  struggling  with  the  multitudes  on  the  pavements. 
On  the  stands,  among  others,  were  Mayor  Strong, 
Bishop  Potter,  Mayor  Schieren,  of  Brooklyn  ;  President 

65 


King,  of  the  new  Park  Board ;  General  Horace  Porter, 
W.  De  H.  Washington,  a  collateral  descendant  of  Gen- 
eral Washington's  family ;  Professor  H.  H.  Boyesen, 
General  Anson  G.  McCook,  Park  Commissioner  Jnilliard, 
Lonis  Windmuller,  Colonel  E.  C.  James,  Lispenard 
Stewart,  ex-Jndge  C.  P.  Daly,  George  A.  Cocker,  Gen- 
eral Ferdinand  P.  Earle,  Richard  Watson  Gilder,  Pres- 
ident Jeroloman,  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen;  E.  L. 
Godkin,  James  A.  Burden,  ex-Senator  Warner  Miller 
and  ex-Congressman  Burleigh. 

Many  descendants  of  the  soldiers  whom  Washington 
had  commanded  occupied  seats  upon  the  reviewing 
stand  or  took  part  in  the  ceremonies.  General  Horace 
Porter  is  President-General  of  the  Sons  of  the  American 
Revolution ;  Bishop  Potter  is  Chaplain,  and  Mrs.  Donald 
McLean  Regent  of  the  Daughters  of  the  American 
Revolution.  Clarence  W.  Bowen,  a  Master  of  Cere- 
monies, is  a  Son  of  the  Revolution,  and  Franklin 
Murphy,  Secretary-General  of  the  Sons  of  the  American 
Revolution ;  and  General  Thomas  Wilson,  U.  S.  A. ; 
John  W.  Scott,  Chief  Engineer  Moore,  U.  S.  N. ;  Walter 
S.  Logan,  Henry  Hall,  General  Ferdinand  P.  Earle, 
Ira  B.  Stewart,  A.  J.  C.  Foye,  Edward  H.  Hall  and 
other  officers  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution 
were  present  by  invitation. 

RECEIVING  THE  GOVERNOR. 

The  Arch  Committee,  decorated  with  their  blue 
and    gold   badges,  went  down  to  receive  the  Governor 

66 


and  escort  him  to  his  seat  on  the  rostrum,  built  out 
from  the  centre  of  the  western  stand.  Here  he  was 
welcomed  by  Henry  G.  Marquand,  chairman  of  the 
committee,  by  Mayor  Strong,  and  by  General  Miles, 
who  had  come  over  from  Governor's  Island  with  a 
dozen  members  of  his  Staff  to  witness  the  review.  The 
Governor's  Staff  strung  out  along  the  front  of  the 
stand.  An  orderly  followed  with  the  flag  of  the  State 
of  New  York  and  took  his  position  on  the  right  of  the 
Governor,  while  an  attendant  from  the  Mayor's  office 
stood  at  the  left,  behind  His  Honor,  holding  the  white 
flag  of  the  municipality  aloft.  High  in  the  air,  hang- 
ing by  an  invisible  support  from  a  line  of  six  great 
kites,  coupled  in  tandem,  was  a  large  American  flag, 
flattened  out  in  the  strong  south  wind  and  bathed  with 
the  glory  of  the  May  sunshine.  After  the  Mayor  had 
proposed  and  led  off  three  cheers  for  the  Governor, 
Mr.  Marquand  arose  and  said  that  the  ceremonies 
would  begin  with  prayer  by  Bishop  Potter. 

THE   INVOCATION   OF  BISHOP  POTTER. 

The  Bishop,  attired  in  full  black  robes,  with  velvet 
mortarboard  and  purple  tassel,  offered  the  following 
invocation,  the  spectators  standing : 

Almighty  and  everlasting  God,  the  high  and 
mighty  ruler  of  the  universe,  who  dost  from  Thy 
throne  behold  all  the  dwellers  upon  earth,  most  heartily 
we  beseech  Thee  to  behold  and  bless  these,  Thy 
servants,  now  gathered  before  Thee,  and  the  under- 

67 


taking  which  is  here  completed.  We  thank  Thee  that 
in  the  day  of  small  things  among  this  people  Thou 
didst  give  to  us  the  ruler  and  the  man  whom  we  have 
striven  here  to  commemorate,  and  we  bless  Thy  holy 
name  for  all  the  wonderful  tokens  of  Thy  grace  and 
wisdom  which  Thou  didst  reveal  in  him. 

Endow  with  the  spirit  of  wisdom  the  President  of 
the  United  States,  the  Governor  of  this  Commonwealth, 
and  all  those  whom  we  entrust  in  Thy  name  with  the 
authority  of  governance,  to  the  end  that  there  be  peace 
at  home,  that  we  keep  our  place  among  the  nations  of 
the  world ;  that  so  from  henceforth  this  memorial  arch, 
spanning  the  highway  over  which  the  people  pass,  maj' 
proclaim  to  all  men  the  nation's  gratitude  and  homage 
to  its  founder,  and  recall  to  us  that  heavenly  suffi- 
ciency overarching  our  lives  in  which  we  wrought  and 
builded,  and  to  which,  as  Thou,  O  Christ,  hast  taught 
us,  we  forever  lift  our  prayer. 

For  his  wisdom,  courage,  singleness  of  purpose, 
unselfishness  and  rare  and  singular  foresight,  we  give 
Thee  thanks  to-day.  For  all  that  he  taught  us  by 
his  constancy  to  duty,  his  freedom  from  sordid  aims 
and  motives,  his  steadfast  and  resplendent  patriotism, 
we  bless  and  praise  Thy  name.  Save  us  from  the 
folly  that  honors  his  memory  and  forgets  to  imitate  his 
example ;  and  grant  to  this  people  over  whom  he  was 
first  of  all  chosen  to  rule,  grace  and  courage  to  be 
true  to  the  principles  which  he  both  taught  and  lived. 
And,    O   Almighty    God,    who   in    the    former  time 

68 


ledst  our  fathers  forth  into  a  wealthy  place,  and  didst 
set  their  feet  in  a  large  room,  give  Thy  grace  to  us, 
their  children,  that  we  may  always  approve  ourselves  a 
people  mindful  of  Thy  favor  and  glad  to  do  Thy  will. 
Bless  our  laud  with  honorable  industry,  sound  learn- 
ing and  pure  manners.  Defend  our  liberties  preserve 
onr  unity.  Save  us  from  violence,  discord  and  confu- 
sion, from  pride  and  arrogance  and  from  every  evil 
way.  Fashion  into  one  happy  people  the  multitudes 
brought  hither  out  of  man}'  kindreds  and  tongues. 

GENERAL   PORTER'S  ORATION. 

After  the  Lord's  Prayer  had  been  recited,  Mr. 
Marquand  again  rose  and  said :  "  We  will  now  listen 
to  the  orator  of  the  day,  General  Horace  Porter." 
General  Porter  was  warmly  received,  and  his  speech 
was  punctuated  with  applause  throughout.    He  said : 

We  are  told  by  Feltham  that  "  Beauty  itself  is 
such  a  silent  orator  that  it  is  ever  pleading  for  respect 
and  liking."  The  beauty  of  this  noble  work  which  we 
assemble  here  to  dedicate,  with  its  massive  form,  its 
chaste  lines  and  its  graceful  proportions,  speaks  so 
impressively  for  itself  that  there  is  little  need  of  plead- 
ing in  its  praise  by  him  who  has  been  asked  to 
address  you.  How  thoroughly  well  the  distinguished 
architect  has  accomplished  the  important  task  intrusted 
to  him  you  who  gaze  upou  his  work  to-day  are  able  to 
judge.  The  metropolis  of  the  Nation  is  to  be  heartily 
congratulated  upon  this   conspicuous   and  meritorious 

69 


addition  to  the  monuments  which  contribute  to  its 
embellishment.  There  is  nothing  which  cultivates  a 
more  refined  taste  in  a  community  than  the  public 
display  of  deserving  artistic  structures.  They  speak  a 
universal  language  and  impart  a  lasting  pleasure  to 
all.  They  appeal  to  our  highest  senses  and  awaken 
our  noblest  emotions.  The}'  induce  the  power  of 
reflection  and  inspire  us  with  the  majesty  of  creative 
faculty. 

And  it  is  proper  at  this  ceremony  of  dedication  to 
refer  to  the  earnest  labors  and  untiring  efforts  of  the 
members  of  the  committee  to  whom  this  structure  owes 
its  existence,  and  especially  to  the  good  work  of  its 
most  efficient  treasurer,  Mr.  William  Rhiuelander 
Stewart. 

But  the  true  purpose  of  this  work  is  not  the  dis- 
play of  architectural  skill  or  the  mere  embellishment 
of  a  city ;  it  is  to  commemorate  the  one  hundredth 
anniversary  of  the  inauguration  of  the  Government 
under  the  blessings  of  which  we  live,  and  to  perpetuate 
the  memory  of  the  exalted  patriot  who  founded  the 
Republic.  The  form  of  an  arch  was  happily  chosen. 
It  is  the  symbol  of  cohesive  strength  and  fitly  typifies 
the  union  of  inseparable  States.  The  spotless  marble 
of  which  it  is  composed  is  emblematic  of  the  stainless 
purity  of  the  character  of  the  immortal  leader  whose 
name  the  structure  bears.  Washington  impressed  him- 
self more  profoundly  on  the  civilized  world  than  any 
man  of  his  time,  and  to-day  the  beneficent  influence  of 


70 


his  example  is  still  potent  throughout  the  globe. 
Daniel  Webster  well  said  "  America  has  given  to  the 
world  the  character  of  Washington.  If  she  had  clone 
nothing  more,  she  would  still  be  entitled  to  the  grati- 
tude of  mankind."  He  has  been  wisely  called  "  A  first 
without  a  second,"  and  "  The  greatest  of  good  men — 
the  best  of  great  men."  Enduring  precepts,  the 
memory  of  resplendent  virtues,  and  matchless  lessons 
in  true  manhood  are  the  precious  legacies  he  has 
bequeathed  to  his  countrymen. 

It  seems  a  wise  dispensation  of  Providence  which 
deprived  him  of  children  of  his  own  flesh  and  blood  in 
order  that  all  Americans  may  equally  call  him  father. 
His  early  training  appears  to  have  been  turned  uncon- 
sciously into  those  channels  which  formed  the  best 
schools  of  instruction  for  both  the  camp  and  court  in 
which  his  future  career  was  to  lead  him,  and  when  the 
weakest  of  colonies  were  to  enter  into  a  death  struggle 
with  the  strongest  of  nations,  and  the  arts  of  peace 
were  to  give  place  to  the  science  of  destruction,  it  was 
a  priceless  boon  to  the  American  patriots  that  there 
was  a  leader  in  their  midst  fully  equipped  for  command, 
who  brought  to  the  high  office  of  commander-in-chief  a 
ripe  judgment,  a  rare  experience,  a  name  which 
inspired  universal  confidence. 

Some  superficial  critics  have  endeavored  to  convey 
the  mpression  that,  while  he  filled  with  eminent  satis- 
faction all  the  trying  positions  in  which  he  was  placed, 
he  was  preeminent  in  none.     This  view  is  especially 


7i 


unjust  to  him  as  a  soldier.  The  consummate  military 
skill  which  he  displayed  proved  him  a  master  of  the 
art  of  war.  He  was  an  ideal  leader  of  troops,  one  of 
the  few  commanders  whose  magnetic  influence  over 
men  was  equalled  by  the  display  of  an  unerring  judg- 
ment in  the  field. 

In  his  first  engagement  under  Braddock  we  find 
him  performing  prodigies  of  valor.  Two  horses  were 
killed  under  him,  his  clothes  were  pierced  with  four 
bullets,  and  he  was  the  only  mounted  officer  who 
escaped  with  his  life.  At  Trenton  we  see  him  leading 
the  principal  column  in  that  gallant  attack.  At  Prince- 
ton he  was  again  in  the  van  of  the  battle,  cheering  on 
his  exhausted  troops  to  victory,  and  charging  so  close 
to  the  enemy's  lines  that  his  staff  officers  pulled  their 
hats  over  their  eyes  in  order  that  they  might  be  spared 
the  sight  of  their  beloved  chieftain's  death.  At  Ger- 
mantown  we  recall  him  as  he  rode  under  a  withering 
fire,  contending  against  superior  numbers  of  the  enemy 
and  the  mistakes  of  his  subordinates.  At  Monmouth 
we  behold  him  struggling  in  the  heat  of  battle  to 
counteract  by  his  personal  efforts  the  results  of  errors, 
imbecility  and  treachery. 

Wherever  the  exigencies  of  battle  demanded  a  per- 
sonal sacrifice  he  was  always  generous  of  his  life. 
Wherever  blows  fell  thickest  his  crest  was  in  their 
midst.  A  graceful  horseman,  a  knightly  cavalier,  the 
magnetism  of  his  presence  turned  routed  squadrons 
into  charging  columns  and  snatched  victory  from  defeat. 


72 


If  he  had  never  conducted  any  campaign  other  than 
that  in  which  he  crossed  the  Delaware  River  with  a 
half-fed,  half-clothed,  fragment  of  an  army,  out-marched, 
out-manoeuvred  and  out-fought  the  trained  veterans  of 
Europe,  and  completely  turned  the  tide  of  war,  he 
would  have  been  entitled  to  stand  in  the  front  rank  of 
the  world's  great  captains.  No  less  a  soldier  than  the 
Great  Frederick  called  the  campaign  for  the  rescue  of 
the  Jerseys  "  the  most  brilliant  achievement  of  any 
recorded  in  the  annals  of  military  action." 

In  bringing  to  a  successful  termination  that  des- 
perate and  bloody  contest  of  unequal  warfare,  Wash- 
ington had  displayed  for  eight  long  years  the  caution 
of  a  Fabius  and  the  daring  of  a  Hannibal.  He  had 
shown  himself  an  Alexander  without  his  lust  of  con- 
quest, a  Csesar  without  his  imperialism,  a  Marlborough 
without  his  lack  of  principle,  a  Napoleon  without  his 
ambition.  Slow  in  deliberation,  sure  in  decision,  clear 
in  foresight,  heroic  in  action,  neither  elated  by  victory 
nor  depressed  by  defeat — he  had  been  both  the  sword 
and  shield  of  the  struggling  Colonies,  and  from  a  sow- 
ing of  the  bitter  seeds  of  war  had  reaped  a  harvest  of 
perpetual  peace.  Washington's  services  now  beacme 
no  less  important  in  council  than  in  camp.  He  corres- 
ponded with  the  Governors  of  the  States,  and  urged 
the  formation  of  a  stronger  form  of  government  with 
such  cogency  of  reasoning  and  such  irresistible  logic 
that,  owing  largely  to  his  exertions,  there  was  finally 
brought    together    the    memorable    convention  which 


73 


framed  the  present  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 
Washington  was  made  without  dissent  the  presiding 
officer  of  that  bod}',  and  brought  to  its  deliberations 
such  a  wealth  of  statesmanlike  knowledge  that  he 
could  convince  when  others  could  not  advise.  He  had 
studied  every  system  of  confederated  government  in  the 
whole  range  of  the  world's  experience,  from  the  Lyciau 
and  Aniphictyonic  down  to  the  Belgic  and  Germanic. 

As  all  men  foresaw,  he  was  elected  unanimously  the 
first  President  of  the  United  States,  and,  upon  his  in- 
auguration, a  new  star  was  added  to  the  firmament  of 
nations.  That  memorable  event  in  the  world's  history, 
which  proclaimed  that  liberty  and  sound  government 
were  henceforth  to  be  the  birthright  of  the  American 
citizen,  was  the  occurrence  which  yonder  arch  so  fitly 
commemorates.  One  hundred  and  six  years  ago  in  this 
city  the  lips  of  Washington  were  pressed  upon  the  Holy 
Scriptures,  and  the  hand  which  had  hewn  down  oppres- 
sion with  the  sword  was  uplifted  in  solemn  oath  to 
support  the  Constitution  and  execute  the  laws  of  the 
country  his  efforts  had  created.  Washington  had  now 
reached  the  highest  eminence  of  human  distinction.  His 
name  was  the  most  illustrious  borne  by  living  man.  Re- 
elected unanimously  to  the  same  high  office,  he  spent 
eight  years  in  carrying  into  effect  wholesome  measures 
for  placing  the  Government  upon  a  basis  so  firm  that 
it  could  not  be  dethroned  from  its  supremacy. 

As  he  ceased  his  official  labors  in  behalf  of  his 
contemporaries,  he  began  his  true  service  to  posterity, 


74 


for  it  was  then  that  he  penned  that  immortal  farewell 
address  which  will  prolong  his  term  of  service  through- 
out all  time. 

The  name  of  Washington  has  passed  into  history 
and  the  scroll  on  which  his  deeds  are  written  is  securely- 
lodged  in  the  highest  niche  in  Fame's  temple.  The 
story  of  his  life  rises  to  the  sublimity  of  an  epic,  the 
record  of  his  acts  is  worthy  the  contemplation  of  the 
ages.  Every  preeminent  leader  in  history  stands  for 
some  prominent  idea.  While  Washington  will  always  be 
looked  upon  as  the  possessor  of  all  the  virtues  which 
adorn  the  human  character,  he  will  stand  forth  most 
conspicuously  as  the  embodiment  of  patriotism.  With 
him  patriotism  was  neither  an  impulse  nor  a  lesson  of 
reason,  but  a  feeling  engrafted  upon  his  nature,  a  sen- 
timent breathed  into  his  nostrils  at  his  very  birth. 

His  physical,  mental  and  moral  qualities  were  in 
exceptional  accord.  In  stature  he  was  six  feet  and  two 
inches,  with  well-developed  limbs,  a  stately  bearing  and 
a  commanding  presence.  It  has  been  beautifully  said 
of  Stuart's  lifelike  portrait  of  him,  that  it  is  the  "  No- 
blest personification  of  wisdom  and  goodness  reposing  in 
the  majesty  of  a  serene  countenance  to  be  found  on 
canvas."  While  confident  in  his  own  uprightness,  and 
singularly  self-reliant,  his  career  was  marked  by  devout 
reverence  and  true  Christian  humility.  He  attached 
men  to  him  by  the  qualities  of  his  heart  as  well  as  of 
his  head.  He  was  slow  in  choosing  and  in  changing 
friends.    His   dignity   always   impressed;   at   times  it 

75 


overawed.  Said  Fisher  Ames :  "  He  changed  mankind's 
ideas  of  political  greatness."  His  friends  have  sung 
paeans  in  his  honor,  and  even  the  wrath  of  his  enemies 
may  be  counted  in  his  praise.  We  cannot  better  de- 
scribe him  than  by  repeating  the  words  of  Fox  uttered 
in  the  House  of  Commons :  "  Illustrious  man,  before 
whom  all  borrowed  greatness  sinks  into  insignificance." 

This  noble  arch  will  forever  serve  to  perpetuate  his 
name  and  to  mark  the  birth  of  our  present  form  of  free 
and  enlightened  Government.  The  fact  that  it  has  been 
reared  by  the  voluntary  contributions  of  the  people  will 
give  our  citizens  an  individual  interest  in  honoring  it, 
in  preserving  it.  The  hallowed  memorials  which  clus- 
ter about  it  will  recall  the  heroic  age  of  the  Republic ; 
it  will  point  the  path  of  loyalty  to  children  yet  unborn ; 
its  mute  eloquence  will  plead  for  equal  sacrifice  should 
danger  ever  threaten  the  liberties  of  the  Nation.  When 
Washington  was  about  to  proceed  to  his  first  inaugu- 
ration it  was  suggested  to  him  that  he  should  be 
escorted  by  a  military  guard.  He  replied:  "I  want  no 
guard  but  the  affections  of  the  people."  In  the  affec- 
tions of  the  people  his  memory  will  be  eternally  en- 
shrined. 


76 


MR.   MARQUAND'S  REMARKS. 


At  the  conclusion  of  General  Porter's  address  the 
chairman  of  the  committee,  Henry  G.  Marquand,  spoke 
as  follows : 

It  must  give  every  good  citizen  of  this  metropolis 
great  pleasure  to  hear  of  the  finishing  of  this  monu- 
ment. The  work  has  been  a  constant  source  of  pleasure 
and  profit.  It  has  proved  from  the  manner  in  which  the 
funds  have  been  raised  that  amid  the  excitements  and 
drain  incident  to  a  busy  commercial  life  thought  can  be 
given  to  history,  art,  and  the  rearing  of  enduring  monu- 
ments, which  become  a  necessity  in  all  great  cities. 
The  building  of  this  structure  has  been  the  outcome  of 
thought  and  culture  among  the  masses.  The  money 
was  not  raised  among  a  few  wealthy  subscribers,  but 
has  come  from  widely  different  sources,  and  the  interest 
has  been  general.  It  came  from  no  sudden  and  deep 
impulse,  such  as  the  death  of  Washington  would  have 
produced  had  it  occurred  recently,  but  from  calm  and 
just  appreciation  of  the  immortal  patriot.  This  lay  at 
the  root  of  the  enterprise.  It  has  shown,  also,  the 
popular  desire  for  good  architecture,  and  the  arch 
becomes  a  lesson,  teaching  the  great  principles  of  art 
to  consist  in  simplicity,  beauty  of  form,  adaptation  to 
use  and  appropriateness  of  situation,  and  not  in  mere 
ornamentation  solely. 


77 


We  have  announced  the  practical  finishing  of  the 
work,  but  it  is  in  many  ways  like  the  work  of  educa- 
tion. We  may  still  make  progress  and  go  further  on, 
and  some  thoughtful  ones  will  in  due  time  crown  the 
monument  with  chaste  and  proper  historic  figures. 
Time  will  mellow  and  tone  the  now  brilliant  material. 
The  contemplation  of  this  arch  will  lead  many  to  study 
the  character  of  the  man  who  lives  so  profoundly  in 
our  memory,  and  a  century  has  only  served  to  heighten 
the  esteem  which  the  world  had  for  him. 

Some  three  centuries  since  an  Italian  author 
sought  to  lay  down  rules  of  conduct  which  should 
guide  a  citizen  of  a  republic,  and  his  labors  extended 
to  several  hundred  pages  of  directions.  A  shorter  for- 
mula we  may  proclaim  in  this  new  republic  of  ours, 
and  that  would  be,  Read  the  life  and  follow  the 
example  of  George  Washington. 

Since  every  high-class  work  of  beauty  adds  to  the 
attraction  and  enhances  the  value  of  property,  we  may 
feel  sure  that  our  men  of  wealth  will  encourage  the 
building  of  other  arches  and  public  works,  and  that 
our  school  of  architecture  and  sculpture  will  yet  rank 
high  among  the  modern  nations  of  the  earth. 

We  are  pleased  to  record  the  cooperation  of  the 
city  authorities,  without  which  this  monument  could 
not  have  been  raised. 

The  key  of  the  monument  will  now  be  handed  to  you, 
Mr.  Mayor,  by  the  treasurer,  Mr.  William  R.  Stewart, 
whose  labors  and  activity  have  been  so  conspicuous. 


78 


FORMALLY    TRANSFERRED    TO    THE  CITY. 

The  ceremony  of  presenting  the  key  of  the  arch 
to  the  city  authorities  was  then  gone  through  with. 
This  duty  fell  on  William  Rhinelander  Stewart,  the 
treasurer,  and  most  active  member  of  the  committee. 

MR.  STEWART'S  ADDRESS. 
Mr.  Stewart,  addressing  Mayor  Strong,  said : 

Your  Honor :  In  behalf  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Erection  of  the  Washington  Arch,  formed  in  1889,  it 
is  my  privilege  to  transfer  to  you,  in  your  representa- 
tive character  as  the  Chief  Magistrate  of  the  City  of 
New  York,  the  beautiful  civic  monument  which  Stan- 
ford White's  genius  conceived,  and  the  subscriptions  of 
public-spirited  fellow-citizens  have  enabled  us  to  build. 
The  structure,  although  substantially  complete,  still 
lacks  for  its  embellishment  two  groups  of  statuary. 
The  pedestals  for  these  stand  ready.  The  committee 
purposes  continuing  its  organization  until  it  shall  have 
seen  them  filled. 

Remembering  that  you  yourself  have  been  from 
the  beginning  an  active  member  of  the  committee,  we 
are  the  more  pleased  that  the  arch  should  pass  to  the 
city  during  your  administration. 

THE   MAYOR'S  REPLY. 
In  reply  Mayor  Strong  said: 

It  is  with  glowing  pride  that  I  accept  this  key  to- 
day from  one  of  the  brightest  patriots  of  the  present 


79 


time,  William  Rliinelauder  Stewart,  a  man  whom  the 
whole  city  of  New  York,  the  present  generation  and 
perhaps  succeeding  generations  will  always  remember, 
for  the  indomitable  perseverance  and  untiring  energy  he 
displayed  in  raising  the  money  necessary  to  complete 
this  beautiful  arch,  which  has  been  raised  in  commemo- 
ration of  the  first  President  of  this  country,  and,  as  has 
been  well  said  here,  one  of  the  brightest  stars  in  the 
government  of  nations. 

I  was  a  member  of  the  committee,  but  did  nothing 
toward  raising  the  money.  It  is,  therefore,  with  pecu- 
liar pleasure  that  I  pass  to-day  to  the  President  of  the 
Park  Board  of  the  City  of  New  York,  the  key,  know- 
ing well  that  the  interest  he  took  in  creating  this  beau- 
tiful arch  will  ever  remind  him  of  his  duty,  not  only 
to  guard  carefully  this  structure,  but  to  see  that  its 
surroundings  will  ever  be  kept  in  the  purest  and  most 
beautiful  manner,  and  in  a  way  appropriate  to  the 
character  of  George  Washington,  whom  it  commemorates. 

This  speech  was  received  with  great  enthusiasm. 

The  Mayor  then  handed  the  key  to  David  H.  King, 
Jr.,  of  the  Park  Department.  Mr.  King  received  it  with 
a  few  words  expressive  of  his  pleasure  and  desire  to 
follow  out  the  Mayor's  instructions. 

THE  REVIEW. 

Four  o'clock  was  the  hour  when  the  Governor  ar- 
rived. It  was  after  five  o'clock  before  the  speeches  were 
over  and  the  ground  cleared  for  the  review.    Headed  by 

80 


General  Fitzgerald  and  Staff  and  his  escort  of  Signal 
Corps  troopers,  the  brigade  moved  down  the  avenue, 
company  front,  filling   the  street  from   curb  to  curb. 
General  Fitzgerald  and  Staff  wheeled  to  the  west  and 
took  their  position  beneath  the  reviewing  stand.    At  the 
head  of  the  infantry  came  the  Ninth  Regiment  Band, 
playing  a  spirited  inarch,  into  every  other  bar  of  which 
they  would  interject  a  humorous  shout  of  "  Hurrah ! 
Hurrah ! "  with  great  effect.    As  the  band  reached  the 
open  space  before  the  arch  it  wheeled  to  the  east,  faced 
about  aud  continued  playing  as  the  regiment  swept  by. 
When  the  lrst  water  carrier  or  member  of  the  Ambulance 
Corps  of  each  regiment  had  passed,  its  band  stopped  play- 
ing, and  fell  in  behind  the  regiment.    It  was  a  pretty  and 
stirring  spectacle.    The  music  of  the  bands  was  fine, 
and  the  inarching  of  the  men  excellent.    The  white  coats 
of  the  Twenty-second  Regiment  followed  the  blue  uni- 
forms of  the  Ninth  Regiment.    The  Seventh  came  next 
with   its   usual   accompaniment  of  rippling  applause. 
The  tall  men  of  the  Twelfth  were  followed  by  the  easy 
swing  of  the  veteran   Seventy-first.     The  Sixty-ninth 
and  the  Eighth  regiments  brought  up  the  rear,  march- 
ing  in   their    customary   excellent    form.     After  the 
troops  of  the  line  came  Captain  Wendel's  artillery,  and 
then  the  pale-faced  sailor  boys  of  the  Naval  Brigade 
swung  by,  with  arms  ported  and  machine  guns  jingling 
in  the  rear.    They  were  loudly  applauded.    The  new 
drum  corps  of  the  Reserve,  composed  of  schoolboys, 
dressed  in  white  duck  suits,  made  its  first  appearance 

in  the  line  on  this  occasion. 

81 


After  the  parade  was  over,  Governor  Morton  drove 
back  to  the  hotel  with  his  escort,  taking  General  Porter 
with  him.  The  uniforms  of  the  Governor's  Staff  were 
rich,  but  not  more  noticeable  than  those  of  the  other 
officers  for  gorgeousness.  The  members  of  the  Staff  who 
rode  behind  the  Governor's  carriage  were  Adjutant-Gen- 
eral McAlpin,  Colonel  Satterlee,  Colonel  Astor,  Colonel 
Turner,  General  Hayes,  General  Whitlock,  General 
Wallace,  General  Wiley,  Major  Burbank,  Colonel  Rogers, 
Colonel  James,  Colonel  Agnew,  General  Terry,  General 
McLewee,  General  Varnum,  General  Carroll  and  Gen- 
eral Noyes. 


82 


XlXHaebtn^ton  Hrcb 


Xist  of  Subscriber 

(©ne  Ibunoreo  Dollars  anD  ©ver). 


Iproceeos  of  benefit  given 
bp.  flb.  ipaoercwsfci  ano 
tbe  JBoston  Spmpbong 
©rcbestra,  flftarcb  27tb, 
1892. 

$4,500. 


JBrown  30cos.  &  do. 


$1,000. 


©eorge  fl.  Seneg. 


$1,550. 


J.  Clafltn  &  Co. 

$1,000. 

a  CM3en. 


$1,000. 


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85 


©rejel,  Morgan  &  Go. 


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86 


St.  TFUcbolae  Club. 


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$1,000. 


UDUlUam  TL.  Strong. 


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Gammatrg  1ball 
©eneral  Committee. 


TMUinam  TR.  Stewart. 


dlbrs.  /B.  S.  Wan  JBeuren. 


$1,000. 


87 


Ibenrg  (3.  flfcarquano. 


$750. 


©eorge  TCI.  WanoerbUt. 


$1,000. 


met  proceeds  of  .JBenefit 
IPerformancc,  /BbaDlson 
Square  {Theatre,  d&ag 
I9tb,  1891. 

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Mrs.  TCI.  t 

).  Danoerbllt. 

$1,000. 

TCUnslow,  lanter  &  Co. 


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EDwarO  2>.  BDams. 


$500. 


88 


a  Jrteno  of  tbe  Brcb. 

$500. 


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$500. 


SlfreD  Corning  Glarh. 

$500. 

 -  —  ,  _ 


flbrs.  TEQlni.  36.  DoOge,  Sr. 

$500. 


flfcrs.  3obn  G.  <5reen. 

$500. 


/Dbre.  flftarg  flfc.  Sones. 

$500. 


a.  H>.  JutlUaro  <£  do. 

$500. 


Cbarles  Xanter. 

$500. 


89 


"Mm.  C.  Scbermerborn. 


$500. 


Jacob  *>.  Scbiff. 


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90 


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m.     s.  m. 

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Society  of  Smateur  ipbo* 
tograpbers  of  flew  IJorR. 

$372.74- 


Samuel  S>.  36abcock. 
$35°. 


Bugustus  S>.  Sbepaio. 
$35°- 


"Mm.  Stelnwas  &  Sous. 

$35°- 


[ 


Cbomas  Concert  proceeos. 
$335-84- 


Cornelius  m.  ^Itss. 
$300. 


91 


<3eorge  JEbret. 


$300. 


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$250. 


ladies'  Committee  of  (Two, 
Delmonico  Dancee.  (bal.) 


$300. 


Stmon  JBorg  &  Co. 


$250. 


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92 


flftra.  BlfreD  C.  dark. 


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Damilton  fflsb. 


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93 


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-94 


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©arts,  alien  &  Co. 


$250. 


Cbarles  1b.  IRussell. 


$250. 


95 


DavtD  Stewart. 


$250. 


Senhtng  li)an  Scbalcfc. 


$250. 


96 


IDermtlsea  &  Co. 


$250. 

 _  I 


3.  3.  ma. 

$250. 

Jerome  JOS.  HUbeeler. 


$250. 


tors.  Jobn  C.  "flBlorR. 


$250. 


$250. 


Returns  from  Caeb  JBoj 
at  Srcb. 

$202.41. 


Srnolo,  Constable  &  Co. 

$200. 


1R.  C.  Bucbmutg. 

$200. 


97 


©eorge  jf.  JBaher. 


$200. 


BlfreD  3.  Gammeser. 


$200. 


C.  G.  JBalDwin. 


$200. 


38.  0.  Clar&e. 


$200. 


S>avl&  W.  JBtabop. 


98 


jEowaro  1b.  Coster. 


$200. 


3obn  1b.  ©avis. 


$200. 


3obn  D.  Crimmins. 


$200. 


Cbarles  2>e1Rbam. 


$200. 


1R.  ffulton  Cutting. 


$200. 


1b.  C.  jfabnestocft. 


$200. 


m.  JBagaro  Cutting. 


$200. 


5.  a.  ©arlano. 


$200. 


99 


SbepparD  "fknapp  &  Go. 


$200. 


TWUinam  1?.  ©race. 


$200. 


O.  3B.  Xlbbeg. 


$200. 


B.  Ilselin  &  Co. 


$200. 


James  1b.  Jones. 


$200. 


100 


Jobn  IE.  parsons. 


$200. 


■Roosevelt  &  Son. 


$200. 


AMss  flJearsall. 


$200. 


EHbu  IRoot. 


$200. 


Ulogo  pboenlj. 


$200. 


jp.  a.  Scbermetbotn. 


$200. 


3.  Ibampoen  TRobb. 


$200. 


IpbUip  Scbuslet. 


$200. 


101 


3amca  Slater. 


$200. 


1benn?  IDMaro. 


$200. 


■feenreSff.  Spauloing. 


$200. 


3ame6  fib.  "Uflaterbun?. 


$200. 


3.  IkenncDB  Coo  &  Co. 


$200. 


BlfrcO  1R.  TObttneB. 


$200. 


3obn  JB.  Crcvor. 


$200. 


102 


jfranh  S.  TWUtberbee. 


$200. 


Dr.  Sbram  SJuffiofs. 


$150. 


jobn  *>.  KAgman. 


$200. 


E.  33.  Ibarpet. 


$150. 


IRanOolpb  ©uggenbeimer. 


$i75- 


Sobn  3B.  flrelanb. 


$150. 


Cbarles  Delmonlco. 


$150. 


HflltlUam  tib.  "ftingslanD. 


$150. 


103 


Society  of  Bmertcan 
artists. 


,150. 


Sweetjer,  ipembroofc  S.  (Jo. 


$150. 


3ames  IRemvicK. 


$150. 


rt&rs.  flbars  C.  scrgmser. 


$150. 


104 


flfocCabc  JBroa. 


$125. 


Jetrace  fowling  Club. 


$125. 


a  ffrtenD. 

$100. 

flbts.  dbas.  36.  BlejanDer. 


$100. 


105 


©antel  Jf.  Bppleton. 

$IOO. 


S>.  Bpplcton  &  Co. 


$100. 


Samuel  p.  Bvcrg. 


$100. 


If.  g.  Bger. 


$100. 


/tors.  31 

3.  C.  JJabbitt. 

$IOO. 

JBafcer,  Smitb  &  Co. 


$100. 


106 


JBanfle,  GracB,  Stetson  & 
dftacDeacib, 

$IOO. 


a.  X.  Barber. 


$IOO. 


Barbour  Broe.  Co. 


$IOO. 


t>entB  1,  Barbeg. 


$  I  oo. 


Xawrence  Barrett. 


$IOO. 


B.  E.  Bateman. 


$IOO. 


Oerarb  Beeftman. 


$IOO. 


3.  TWUlltam  Beehman. 


$IOO. 


107 


X.  t>.  tBiglow. 


$IOO. 


Isaac  JGcii 


$IOO. 


E.  3.  JBerwlnD. 


$IOO. 


ifreOertc  f>.  Setts. 


$IOO. 


1 08 


Clarence  Wl.  JBowen. 


$IOO. 


jfreDerlc  JBroneon. 


$IOO. 


fists,  Xlogo  S.  J3rtce. 


$IOO. 


James  a.  JSutDen. 


$IOO. 


Cbarlee  JButler. 


$IOO. 


Gbarles  36.  ^Sutler. 


$IOO. 


JButler,  Sttllman  &  •foubbaro. 


$IOO. 


jfreo.  JButterfielo  &  do. 


$IOO. 


109 


Caeb. 

$IOO. 

"R.  Wi.  Cameron  &  do. 


$100. 


Caeb. 

$100. 

Booison  CammacR. 


$100. 


Caeb. 

$100. 

no 


Cbarlea  if.  Cbickerlnfl. 


$  IOO. 


Joaepb  lb.  Cboate. 


$  too. 


Clack,  ©ooge  &  Co. 


$IOO. 


©eo.  a.  Clark  &  JBrotber. 


$IOO. 


©rover  Cleveland. 


$IOO. 


Ibenrg  Clewa. 


$IOO. 


"Mm.  ff>.  Clgoe  &  Co. 


$IOO. 


Cbarles  %.  Colbv?. 


$IOO. 


Ill 


dfcrs.  JEowaro  Cooper. 


$IOO. 


a.  1R.  Conftllng. 


$IOO. 


Ibieeee  Cooper. 


$IOO. 


"CU.  E.  Connor. 


$100. 


Srcbtnsbop  Corrtgan. 


$IOO. 


112 


t>.  Cranston. 


$  IOO. 


Paul  Dana. 


$roo. 


D.  ».  10.  S. 


$IOO. 


D.  <J, 

$  I  oo. 

113 


mvs.  TR.  m.  ©c  forest. 


a.  m>.  ©ooae. 


$IOO. 


£.  ip.  Dutton  &  Co. 


$IOO. 


114 


CbeoDore  TMl.  Bwtgbt. 


$IOO. 


Bmos  IR.  Eno. 


$IOO. 


Eavl  8.  Wilson. 


$IOO. 


Davlo  lewis  Evans. 


$IOO. 


115 


"Rosvvell  p.  jf  lower. 


ijosiab  /lb.  fftgfce. 


$IOO. 


Gordon  X.  /oro. 


$IOO. 


116 


jfveOerich  He  p*.  jfoeter. 


$IOO. 


$100. 


Cbarles  (5.  jfrancfelgn. 


$100. 


CbeoC>ore  "fcane  Qibbs. 


$IOO. 


ffrancis  JS.  Jfreeman. 


$100. 


jfreDecick  ©ooOrtOge. 


$100. 


Jf.  ®.  jfrencb. 


$IOO. 


II 


tmgb  5.  ©rant. 


$100. 


"Ibarpei  .H3rotbers. 


(i  00. 


3.  1H.  a.  Ortswol?. 


mt*.  ui.  5.  ©ucnee. 


$  100. 


/Bits.  t3.  6.  Daren. 


$100. 


118 


fritcbcocfc,  Darling  &  Co. 


$  I  oo. 


©eorfie  IboaolE. 


$IOO. 


TR.  Hyoe  &  Co. 


$IOO. 


Jobn  Tbcrrdnan, 


$IOO. 


j£.  S.  tjotfman. 


$IOO. 


119 


*>.  .t3.  ttoUtHB  S.  CO. 


$  1  oo. 


Colgate  "fcogt. 


$100. 


Eowin  t»olnic6. 


$100. 


$.  Dumpbregfi. 


$100. 


t>orace  X.  Ixncbfciss. 


$100. 


TRtcbarfr  to.  "tount. 


$  100. 


ttcot  JSrotbcrs. 


$  I  CO. 


tors.  Saiab  1.  t>urtt. 


$100. 


120 


t>enrg  33.  DeOe. 


$100. 


jfl&fss  if  ranees  Sobnston. 


$IOO. 


Kvtson,  JBlafceman  &  Co. 


$IOO. 


3.  Iberbert  Jobnston. 


$IOO. 


3obn  D.  Jones. 


121 


IRebecca  m.  3ones. 


$  IOO. 


Eowaro  "fcemp. 


$  I  oo. 


ticck,  fiho&er  S.  Co. 


$  I  oo. 


<3eorge  Ikemp. 


$IOO. 


fibre,  a.  J8.  "fcelloaa. 


$IOO. 


3ames  p.  Tkernocban. 


$IOO. 


122 


Sobn  King. 


$100. 


dbarlea  <S.  Xanfcon. 


$IOO. 


"RicbarD  King. 


$IOO. 


$IOO. 


123 


dftn*.  3.  jf.  ©.  Xanier 


124 


Xeeber,  HBlbttman  &  Co. 


$  [OO. 


S.  Xoeb. 


$100. 


Itncoln  dlub. 


$IOO. 


a.  a.  xow. 


$IOO. 


t>.  Z.  Xtvinciston. 


$IOO. 


125 


O.  XL.  /Rachcs  <£  Co. 


$  IOO. 


■feeing  flftatllaro. 


$IOO. 


XUilliam  /ifcan. 


$IOO. 


ISraMeg  Martin. 


$  IOO. 


ilhts.  m.  K.  /ifccCreaoe. 


$100. 


Barnes  /BbcCreerg  <S  Co. 


$100. 


Cbeooore  TIU.  /fcgere. 


$100. 


$100. 


126 


$100. 


fats.  Cornelia  p.  /DMrcbell. 


$IOO. 


E.  ®.  dfcorgan. 


$IOO. 


Ate.  p.  B.  Aorgan. 


$IOO. 


George  B.  toorrlson. 


$IOO. 


Ar.  Gasb. 

$IOO. 

tHcw  Uorfc  2>atlg  "fflevvg. 


$IOO. 


B.  Xanfear  Worrie. 


$100. 


127 


patriotic  ©roer  Sons  of 
Bmertca. 


5obn  ©sborn,  Son  &  Co. 


George  jfostec  peabobg. 


$IOO. 


128 


flMatt  &  JBowers, 


3ames  V\.  (Matt. 


$IOO. 


1b.  a.  D.  post. 


$100. 


TKHUUam  ilk.  fcrlcbarO. 


$IOO. 


129 


3Bruc<  price. 


$100. 


ff.  TKH.  ITRbtncIanOec. 


$100. 


1ReC>  ©  Xlne  of  S.  S. 


$IOO. 


Z.  3.  Oakleg  IRbtnelanoer. 


$IOO. 


lUUltam  IRemsen. 


$IOO. 


Mrs.  Josepbtne  B.  "Roe. 


$100. 


TRemvtcfc,  Bsplnwall  & 
IRenwtcfe. 


$IOO. 


B.  5.  "Koeenbaum. 


$IOO. 


130 


Cbarles  JB.  TRouss. 


$IOO. 


Srcblbalo  ©.  TRussell. 


$IOO. 


TWUlllam  1b.  TRuesell. 


$100. 


Tborace  TRuesell. 


$100. 


Eowaro  G.  Sampson. 


$100. 


fl&rs.  arcblbalo  TRussell. 


$100. 


Samuel  S.  SanDs. 


$100. 


131 


Eowaro  Scbell. 


$100. 


Samuel  Sloan. 


$100. 


$obn  2).  SlagbacR. 


132 


Smttb,  1>ogg  &  ©aroner. 


$100. 


3.  Stepbenaon  Co.  Xtmfteo. 


$IOO. 


IRoawell  Smitb. 


$IOO. 


Stern  JBros. 


$IOO. 


Speger  &  Co. 


$IOO. 


•©A.  tt>.  StarbucR. 


$IOO. 


flbrs.  paran  Stevens. 


$IOO. 


133 


flhiee  Bntta  Stewart. 


$100. 


3amee  Sttllman. 


$100. 


rtftrs.  1Um.  H.  Stewart. 


$100. 


Bnaon  pbelps  Stokes. 


$IOO. 


lUm.  TR.  Stewart,  Jr. 


$IOO. 


JE.  5.  Stokes. 


$IOO. 


Josepb  Sttckneg. 


$IOO. 


134 


dbarle0  E.  Strong. 


$IOO. 


Gbe  3.  %.  toott  flron  THIlorfts. 


$IOO. 


flhxe.  JSenj.  %.  Swan,  Jr. 


$IOO. 


Zbc  "RccorOer. 


$IOO. 


C.  f>.  GenneB. 


$IOO. 


Samuel  Gbomas. 


$IOO. 


135 


CracE,  J8oac5man  &  JMatt. 


$100. 


Spencer  Crasfe. 


$100. 


fjenrg  Dan  ScbalcR. 


$100. 


JEmpIoges  of  Cucfeaboe 
flbarble  Co. 


$IOO. 


2>.  5.  TSflalton  &  Co. 


$IOO. 


136 


3amc6  £.  Hfflaro  &  Co. 


$100. 


<5eo.  peaboou  TJMetmore. 


$IOO. 


$IOO. 


HUl.  Sewaro  mebb. 


$IOO. 


137 


"Wllblte  Star  Xtne. 


$100. 


TKHUltam  (5.  TWUleon. 


$IOO. 


HintUiam  C  HQlbitnes. 


$IOO. 


Erastus  THIUman. 


$IOO. 


dfcarla  TOlillets. 


138 


/fcaetec  X,  S.  TWUtbetbee. 


$100. 


%.  (5.  HClooDbouse. 


$IOO. 


ftus.  d.  Jf.  THfloertecboffer. 


$IOO. 


James  Z.  TtdoobwarO. 


$IOO. 


5obn  Hflolfe. 


$100. 


5.  *enrg  "Work. 


$IOO. 


a.  Moitt. 

$IOO. 

IbetUB  K.  TWlortbtngton. 


$IOO. 


139 


W.  V.  &  B. 


$100. 


"Recctveo 
in  sums  of  lees  tban  $100, 
$27,639.41. 


TSUBCfcoff,  Seamans  & 
JSeneotct. 


$100. 


pro  Hata  Sbares  of  "dncx* 
penoeo  Surplus  of  5et>= 
cntssflve  Contributors 
to  prellmtnacB  Ejpcnec 
Juno  of  TKHorlo's  ffair— 


3obn  3.  "CUBSong. 


$100. 


$3,984.05. 


Cotal,  $96,376.54. 


Cotal  fimount  Subscribes, 
$128,000.00. 


140 


tW-         t$M  t$®& 

A&mii  the  Bearer,  on  Tuesday,  jgprif  30, 
to  the  (grand  Stand  on  'Washington  Square, 

on  the  occasion  of  the 

dedication  of  tfe  ^as^in^ton  jflrcli 

Jfiid  its  '(bransfer  to  the  City  Authorities 

!JbiJ  the  Committee  organized  in  1889  for  the 
Srection  of  the  DdZonument, 

Amission  at  2.30  p.  m.  Ceremonies  begin  at  3.^5  p.  m. 

THIS  TICKET  MUST  RE  GIVEN  UP  ON  ENTERING  THE  STAND. 


FAC-SIMILE  OF  CARD  OF  ADMISSION  TO  GRAND  STAND. 


1 


\ 


♦ 


I 


